CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
9.4	$0-$5k	0.00

A vulnerability, which was classified as very critical, has been found in Apache Struts up to 2.3.28.1 (Programming Tool Software). This issue affects an unknown functionality of the component REST Plugin. The manipulation as part of a Expression leads to a input validation vulnerability. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-20. The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression.

The weakness was disclosed 07/04/2016 (Website). It is possible to read the advisory at struts.apache.org. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2016-4438 since 05/02/2016. The exploitation is known to be easy. The attack may be initiated remotely. No form of authentication is needed for a successful exploitation. The technical details are unknown and an exploit is not publicly available. The pricing for an exploit might be around USD $0-$5k at the moment (estimation calculated on 02/16/2019).

It is declared as highly functional. We expect the 0-day to have been worth approximately $5k-$25k. The vulnerability scanner Nessus provides a plugin with the ID 91812 (Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.29 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-035 - S2-041)), which helps to determine the existence of the flaw in a target environment. It is assigned to the family Misc. and running in the context c. The commercial vulnerability scanner Qualys is able to test this issue with plugin 150166 (Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (S2-037)).

Upgrading eliminates this vulnerability. A possible mitigation has been published even before and not after the disclosure of the vulnerability.

The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at Tenable (91812). The entries 81371, 88604, 88605 and 88606 are pretty similar.

Productinfo

Type

• Programming Tool Software

Vendor

• Apache

Name

• Struts

Version

• 2.3.28.0
• 2.3.28.1

License

• open-source

CPE 2.3info

• 🔍
• 🔍
• 🔍

CPE 2.2info

• 🔍
• 🔍
• 🔍

CVSSv4info

VulDB CVSS-B Score: 🔍
VulDB CVSS-BT Score: 🔍
VulDB Vector: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 9.8
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 9.6

VulDB Base Score: 9.8
VulDB Temp Score: 9.4
VulDB Vector: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

NVD Base Score: 9.8
NVD Vector: 🔍

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳

Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock
unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock
unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock

VulDB Base Score: 🔍
VulDB Temp Score: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

NVD Base Score: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Input validation
CWE: CWE-20
ATT&CK: Unknown

Local: No
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔍
Status: Highly functional

EPSS Score: 🔍
EPSS Percentile: 🔍

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔍

0-Day	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock
Today	unlock	unlock	unlock	unlock

Nessus ID: 91812
Nessus Name: Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.29 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-035 - S2-041)
Nessus File: 🔍
Nessus Risk: 🔍
Nessus Family: 🔍
Nessus Context: 🔍

OpenVAS ID: 53245
OpenVAS Name: Apache Struts Multiple Vulnerabilities Nov16 (Windows)
OpenVAS File: 🔍
OpenVAS Family: 🔍

Qualys ID: 🔍
Qualys Name: 🔍

D2Sec: Apache Struts REST Plugin OGNL Expression Handling RCE

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Upgrade
Status: 🔍

0-Day Time: 🔍

Timelineinfo

05/02/2016 🔍
06/14/2016 +43 days 🔍
06/17/2016 +3 days 🔍
06/24/2016 +7 days 🔍
07/04/2016 +10 days 🔍
07/04/2016 +0 days 🔍
07/05/2016 +1 days 🔍
02/16/2019 +956 days 🔍

Sourcesinfo

Vendor: apache.org

Advisory: struts.apache.org
Status: Not defined
Confirmation: 🔍

CVE: CVE-2016-4438 (🔍)
SecurityFocus: 91275 - Apache Struts CVE-2016-4438 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

See also: 🔍

Entryinfo

Created: 07/05/2016 09:47
Updated: 02/16/2019 15:21
Changes: 07/05/2016 09:47 (66), 02/16/2019 15:21 (14)
Complete: 🔍

Discussion

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