CVE-2017-14448 in SDL2_image
Summary
by MITRE
An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the XCF image rendering functionality of SDL2_image-2.0.2. A specially crafted XCF image can cause a heap overflow resulting in code execution. An attacker can display a specially crafted image to trigger this vulnerability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/07/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-14448 represents a critical heap overflow flaw within the SDL2_image library version 2.0.2, specifically affecting the XCF (eXperimental Color Format) image rendering component. This issue stems from insufficient input validation and memory management during the processing of XCF image files, creating a condition where maliciously crafted image data can overwrite adjacent memory locations. The vulnerability manifests when the SDL2_image library attempts to parse and render XCF files, particularly those with malformed or oversized data structures that exceed allocated buffer boundaries. The heap overflow occurs due to improper bounds checking in the memory allocation routines responsible for handling XCF format metadata and pixel data, allowing attackers to manipulate memory layout and potentially execute arbitrary code.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, heap-based buffer overflow, and demonstrates characteristics consistent with the attack pattern described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under technique T1059.007 for command and script interpreter execution. When an application utilizing SDL2_image processes a malicious XCF file, the library's parsing functions fail to properly validate the size parameters of various image components, particularly the tile data structures and channel information. The flaw occurs during the decompression and rendering phases where the system allocates memory based on header values that can be manipulated by attackers. This creates a scenario where a small input can trigger significant memory corruption, potentially allowing attackers to overwrite return addresses, function pointers, or other critical memory segments.
The operational impact of CVE-2017-14448 extends beyond simple code execution capabilities to encompass potential system compromise across various software applications that rely on SDL2_image for graphics rendering. Applications including media players, game engines, graphic design tools, and web browsers that utilize this library for image processing become vulnerable to remote code execution attacks when they encounter malicious XCF files. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires minimal user interaction beyond viewing the malicious image, making it suitable for social engineering campaigns or automated exploitation in web-based environments. Attackers can craft XCF files with oversized data structures that cause the heap allocation to overflow into adjacent memory regions, potentially allowing them to inject and execute malicious code with the privileges of the compromised application.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability encompass multiple layers of defense including immediate patching of affected SDL2_image versions to 2.0.3 or later, where the heap overflow protections have been implemented. System administrators should also consider implementing application whitelisting policies to restrict execution of untrusted image files, particularly in environments where users might encounter potentially malicious content. Network-level defenses such as web application firewalls and content filtering systems can help prevent the delivery of malicious XCF files to vulnerable systems. Additionally, developers should ensure proper input validation and bounds checking in their applications that utilize SDL2_image, implementing memory safety checks and using static analysis tools to identify similar patterns in code. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of following secure coding practices and adheres to the principles outlined in the OWASP Secure Coding Practices, particularly regarding input validation and memory management. Organizations should also consider implementing runtime protections such as address space layout randomization and data execution prevention mechanisms to reduce the effectiveness of potential exploitation attempts.