CVE-2019-7350 in ZoneMinder
Summary
by MITRE
Session fixation exists in ZoneMinder through 1.32.3, as an attacker can fixate his own session cookies to the next logged-in user, thereby hijacking the victim's account. This occurs because a set of multiple cookies (between 3 and 5) is being generated when a user successfully logs in, and these sets overlap for successive logins.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/06/2023
The vulnerability described in CVE-2019-7350 represents a critical session management flaw in ZoneMinder version 1.32.3 and earlier, classified under CWE-384 as Session Fixation. This security weakness allows attackers to hijack user sessions by exploiting the improper cookie generation mechanism during the authentication process. The vulnerability specifically affects the web-based administration interface of ZoneMinder, a popular open-source video management software used for surveillance systems.
The technical implementation of this flaw stems from the application's session cookie handling mechanism where multiple cookies are generated during each successful login event. These cookies contain session identifiers that are not properly invalidated or rotated between consecutive authentication events. When an attacker successfully authenticates to the system, they receive a set of session cookies that can later be reused or manipulated to gain access to subsequent user sessions. The overlapping nature of these cookie sets creates a persistent vulnerability window where session hijacking becomes possible.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to surveillance system administrators and users who rely on ZoneMinder for security monitoring. An attacker who gains access to a legitimate user's session cookies can seamlessly transition into that user's account without needing additional authentication credentials. This compromise extends beyond simple unauthorized access to potentially full administrative control over the surveillance system, including the ability to modify camera configurations, view live feeds, and manipulate recorded footage. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where ZoneMinder is deployed for critical security infrastructure monitoring.
The impact of this session fixation vulnerability aligns with several tactics and techniques documented in the MITRE ATT&CK framework, specifically covering T1563.002 for credentials from password stores and T1078 for valid accounts. The attack vector typically involves an attacker establishing a session with the application, obtaining the session cookies, and then using those same cookies to impersonate legitimate users. This vulnerability affects the integrity and confidentiality of the surveillance system, as unauthorized access could lead to complete compromise of security monitoring capabilities. Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including proper session cookie invalidation, secure session management practices, and regular updates to the ZoneMinder software to address this vulnerability.
Security practitioners should note that this vulnerability demonstrates poor session management practices that violate fundamental security principles. The overlapping cookie sets create predictable session identifiers that can be exploited without requiring additional reconnaissance or exploitation techniques. The remediation approach should focus on implementing proper session regeneration upon successful authentication, ensuring that session identifiers are unique and not reused across different user sessions. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing additional security controls such as session timeout mechanisms, secure cookie attributes, and regular security assessments of their surveillance infrastructure to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in other components of their security ecosystem.