提交 #821936: unitedbyai droidclaw <= v0.5.3 Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (CWE-307)

# Technical Details
An Unauthenticated Authentication Bypass via Rate Limiter Evasion and IP Spoofing exists in the `/pairing/claim` endpoint in `server/src/routes/pairing.ts` of droidclaw.

The application fails to properly rate limit authentication attempts against 6-digit pairing codes because it trusts the highly spoofable `X-Forwarded-For` and `X-Real-IP` HTTP headers to track rate-limiting attempts. The `isRateLimited()` function caches request attempts using this spoofable IP address as the map key.

# Vulnerable Code
File: server/src/routes/pairing.ts
Method: /pairing/claim endpoint
Why: The logic extracts the user's IP directly from the untrusted `x-forwarded-for` and `x-real-ip` headers, and uses it as a key for the rate limiter.

# Reproduction
1. Set up a running instance of the Droidclaw server.
2. Execute the brute-force PoC exploit script against the target endpoint.
3. Observe that the rate limit is entirely bypassed due to the randomized `x-forwarded-for` header, and the pairing code is successfully guessed.

# Impact
- An unauthenticated attacker can steal any active user's API key.
- Full control over the victim's Android device by connecting to the WebSocket API.

• 来源: ⚠️ https://github.com/unitedbyai/droidclaw/issues/14
• 用户: Eric-b (UID 96354)
• 提交: 2026-05-07 13時49分 (1 月前)
• 管理: 2026-05-31 09時34分 (24 days later)
• 状态: 已接受
• VulDB条目: 367495 [unitedbyai droidclaw 直到 0.5.3 claim Endpoint pairing.ts 信息公开]
• 积分: 20