Bitter 解析
IOB - Indicator of Behavior (641)
アクティビティ
関心
脆弱性
IOC - Indicator of Compromise (17)
These indicators of compromise highlight associated network ressources which are known to be part of research and attack activities.
TTP - Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (26)
Tactics, techniques, and procedures summarize the suspected MITRE ATT&CK techniques used. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
IOA - Indicator of Attack (279)
These indicators of attack list the potential fragments used for technical activities like reconnaissance, exploitation, privilege escalation, and exfiltration. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
| ID | クラス | Indicator | タイプ | 信頼度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File | .htaccess | predictive | 中 |
| 2 | File | /acms/classes/Master.php?f=delete_cargo | predictive | 高 |
| 3 | File | /admin.php/news/admin/topic/save | predictive | 高 |
| 4 | File | /admin/comn/service/update.json | predictive | 高 |
| 5 | File | /admin/moduleinterface.php | predictive | 高 |
| 6 | File | /classes/master.php?f=delete_order | predictive | 高 |
| 7 | File | /dev/shm | predictive | 中 |
| 8 | File | /dl/dl_print.php | predictive | 高 |
| 9 | File | /etc/gsissh/sshd_config | predictive | 高 |
| 10 | File | /forms/nslookupHandler | predictive | 高 |
| 11 | File | /forum/away.php | predictive | 高 |
| 12 | File | /getcfg.php | predictive | 中 |
| 13 | File | /h/autoSaveDraft | predictive | 高 |
| 14 | File | /index.php | predictive | 中 |
| 15 | File | /librarian/bookdetails.php | predictive | 高 |
| 16 | File | /modules/profile/index.php | predictive | 高 |
| 17 | File | /news.dtl.php | predictive | 高 |
| 18 | File | /ofcms/company-c-47 | predictive | 高 |
| 19 | File | /out.php | predictive | 中 |
| 20 | File | /patient/appointment.php | predictive | 高 |
| 21 | File | /protocol/iscgwtunnel/uploadiscgwrouteconf.php | predictive | 高 |
| 22 | File | /ptms/?page=user | predictive | 高 |
| 23 | File | /systemrw/ | predictive | 中 |
| 24 | File | /uncpath/ | predictive | 中 |
| 25 | File | /upload/file.php | predictive | 高 |
| 26 | File | /usr/sbin/httpd | predictive | 高 |
| 27 | File | /util/print.c | predictive | 高 |
| 28 | File | /web/MCmsAction.java | predictive | 高 |
| 29 | File | /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php | predictive | 高 |
| 30 | File | /wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/templates/emails/plain/ | predictive | 高 |
| 31 | File | 5.2.9\syscrb.exe | predictive | 高 |
| 32 | File | abc-pcie.c | predictive | 中 |
| 33 | File | accounts/payment_history.php | predictive | 高 |
| 34 | File | adclick.php | predictive | 中 |
| 35 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 36 | File | xxxxx.xxx/xxxxx/xxxxxxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 37 | File | xxxxx/xxxxxxxx.xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 38 | File | xxxxx/xxxx_xxxxx_xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 39 | File | xxxxx/xxxxxx/xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 40 | File | xxxxx/xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 41 | File | xxxxx/xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxx.xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 42 | File | xxxxxx/ | predictive | 低 |
| 43 | File | xxxxx-xxx.x | predictive | 中 |
| 44 | File | xx_xxxxx_xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 45 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 46 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 47 | File | xxx-xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 48 | File | xxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 49 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 50 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 51 | File | xxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 52 | File | xxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 53 | File | xxxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 中 |
| 54 | File | xxxx\xx_xx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 55 | File | xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 56 | File | xxxxxxx/xxx/xx/xxxxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 57 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 58 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 59 | File | xx/xxxxx/xxxxxx_xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 60 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 61 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 62 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 63 | File | xxx/xxx/xxx_xxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 64 | File | xxxx_xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 65 | File | xxxxxxx_x.x | predictive | 中 |
| 66 | File | xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 67 | File | xxxxxxx-xxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxx_xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 68 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 69 | File | xxxxx_xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 70 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 71 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 72 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxxxxx.xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 73 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 74 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 75 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 76 | File | xxxxx.xxx/xxxx/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 77 | File | xxxxx.xxx?xx=xxxxxxx&xxx=xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 78 | File | xxxxx.xxx?x=/xxxx/xxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 79 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 80 | File | xxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxx_xxxxx_xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 81 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx_xxxxxxx_xxxxxx/xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 82 | File | xxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 83 | File | xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 84 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxx_xxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 85 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 86 | File | xxxx/xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 87 | File | xxx_xxxxxx_xxxxxx.xx | predictive | 高 |
| 88 | File | xxxxxx/xxxxxx_xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 89 | File | xxxxxx/xxxxxx_xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 90 | File | xxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 91 | File | xxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 92 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 93 | File | xxx_xxx_xxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 94 | File | xxx_xxxxx_xxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 95 | File | xxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 96 | File | xxx/xxxxxxxxx/x_xxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 97 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 98 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 99 | File | xxx_xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 100 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 101 | File | xxxxxx/xxx_xxxxxx/x | predictive | 高 |
| 102 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 103 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 104 | File | xxxxxxx/xx_xxxxx_xxxx/xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 105 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 106 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxxxxx/xxx/xxxxxxxxxx.xxx?xxxxxxxx=xxxx&xxxxxx=xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 107 | File | xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 108 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 109 | File | xxxxxxxx_xxx_xxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 110 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 111 | File | xxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 中 |
| 112 | File | xxxxxx/?x=xxxxx/\xxxxx\xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx&xxxxxxxx=xxxx_xxxx_xxxx_xxxxx&xxxx[x]=xxxxxx&xxxx[x][] | predictive | 高 |
| 113 | File | xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 114 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 115 | File | xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 116 | File | xxxxxxxx.xx | predictive | 中 |
| 117 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 118 | File | xxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 119 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 120 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxx.xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 121 | File | xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 122 | File | xxx.xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 123 | File | xxxxxx.xx | predictive | 中 |
| 124 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 125 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 126 | File | xxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 127 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 128 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 129 | File | xxxx_xxxxxxx_xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 130 | File | xxx/xxxxxx/xxxxx/xxx.xx | predictive | 高 |
| 131 | File | xxx/xxxx/xxxx/xxx/xxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 132 | File | xx_xxxx/xx_xxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 133 | File | xxx.xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 134 | File | xxxxx_xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 135 | File | xxx_xxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 136 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 137 | File | xxxxxx_xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 138 | File | xxxxxx/xxx/xx/xxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 139 | File | xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 140 | File | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 141 | File | x_xxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 142 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 143 | File | xxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxx/xxxx-xxx.xxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 144 | File | xxxx-xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 145 | File | xxxx-xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 146 | File | xxxx-xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 147 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 148 | File | xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxx_xxxx.xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 149 | File | xxx.xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 150 | File | xxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 151 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxxxxx_xxxxxxxx_xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 152 | File | xxxxxxx/xxxxxxx/xxxxxx/xxxxxx_xxxxxx_xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 153 | File | xxx.xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 154 | File | xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 155 | File | xxxxx/xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 156 | File | xxxxxxx.x | predictive | 中 |
| 157 | File | xxxxx/xxxxx.xx | predictive | 高 |
| 158 | File | xx\xxxxxxx\xxxx-xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 159 | File | xxxxxx/xx/xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 160 | File | xxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 161 | File | xxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 162 | File | xxxxxx_xxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 163 | File | xxxxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 164 | File | xx-xxxxx/xxxxx-xxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 165 | File | _xxxxxx/xxxxxxxx.x | predictive | 高 |
| 166 | Library | /_xxx_xxx/xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 167 | Library | xxxxxxx.xx | predictive | 中 |
| 168 | Library | x:/xxxxxxx xxxxx/xxxxx/xxxxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 169 | Library | xxxxxx[xxxxxx_xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 170 | Library | xxx/xxx/xxxx.xxxxx.xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 171 | Argument | $_xxxxxxx["xxx"] | predictive | 高 |
| 172 | Argument | -x | predictive | 低 |
| 173 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 174 | Argument | xxxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 175 | Argument | xxx_xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 176 | Argument | xxxxxxxx_x/xxxxxxxx_x | predictive | 高 |
| 177 | Argument | xxxxx_xxxx/xxx_xxxx/xxxx_xx | predictive | 高 |
| 178 | Argument | xxxxxxx[] | predictive | 中 |
| 179 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 180 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 181 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 182 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 183 | Argument | xxxxxxxx[xxxxxxx] | predictive | 高 |
| 184 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 185 | Argument | xxx_xx | predictive | 低 |
| 186 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 187 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 188 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 189 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 190 | Argument | xxxxxx[xxxxxx_xxxx] | predictive | 高 |
| 191 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx[x] | predictive | 中 |
| 192 | Argument | xxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 193 | Argument | xx-xxx-x | predictive | 中 |
| 194 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 195 | Argument | x_xxxxxx.xxxx_xxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 196 | Argument | x_xx | predictive | 低 |
| 197 | Argument | xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 198 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 199 | Argument | xxxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 200 | Argument | xxxxx/xxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 201 | Argument | xxxxx/xxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 202 | Argument | xxxxxx_xxxx_xxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 203 | Argument | xxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 204 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 205 | Argument | xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 206 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 207 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 208 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 209 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 210 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 211 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 212 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 213 | Argument | xx | predictive | 低 |
| 214 | Argument | xx/xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 215 | Argument | xxxx/xxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 216 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 217 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 218 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 219 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 220 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 221 | Argument | xxxx/xxxxxx_xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 222 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 223 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 224 | Argument | xx_xxxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 225 | Argument | xxxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 226 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxx_xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 227 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 228 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 229 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 230 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 231 | Argument | xx | predictive | 低 |
| 232 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 233 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 234 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 235 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 236 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 237 | Argument | xxxx_xxx | predictive | 中 |
| 238 | Argument | xxxxx_xxxx_xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 239 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 240 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 241 | Argument | xxxxxxx_xx/xxxx_xx | predictive | 高 |
| 242 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 243 | Argument | x_xx | predictive | 低 |
| 244 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 245 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 246 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 247 | Argument | xxxxxx xxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 248 | Argument | xxxxxx_xxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 249 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 250 | Argument | xxxx_xxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 251 | Argument | xxxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 252 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 253 | Argument | xxxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 254 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 255 | Argument | xxxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 256 | Argument | xxxxxx($xxx) | predictive | 中 |
| 257 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 258 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 259 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 260 | Argument | xxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 261 | Argument | xxxx/x_xxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 262 | Argument | xxx | predictive | 低 |
| 263 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 264 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 265 | Argument | xxxx xxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 266 | Argument | xxxxxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 267 | Argument | xxxx_xxxxx | predictive | 中 |
| 268 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 269 | Argument | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 270 | Argument | x-xxxxxxxxx-xxx | predictive | 高 |
| 271 | Input Value | '"<xxxxxx>xxxxx(/xxxx.xx/)</xxxxxx> | predictive | 高 |
| 272 | Input Value | ' xxx (xxxxxx xxxx xxxx (xxxxxx(xxxxx(x)))xxxx)-- xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 273 | Input Value | .%xx.../.%xx.../ | predictive | 高 |
| 274 | Input Value | ../ | predictive | 低 |
| 275 | Input Value | xxxxx' xxx (xxxxxx xxxx xxxx (xxxxxx(xxxxx(x)))xxxx) xxx 'xxxx'='xxxx&xxxxxxxx=xxxxxxxxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 276 | Input Value | xxxxx%xxxxxx.xxx ' xxx (xxxxxx xxxx xxxx (xxxxxx(xxxxx(x)))xxxx) xxx 'xxxx'='xxxx | predictive | 高 |
| 277 | Input Value | |xxx${xxx} | predictive | 中 |
| 278 | Network Port | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
| 279 | Network Port | xxxxx | predictive | 低 |
参考 (6)
The following list contains external sources which discuss the actor and the associated activities:
- https://1275.ru/ioc/414/bitter-apt-iocs/
- xxxxx://xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxx/xx/xxxx/xx/xxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx
- xxxxx://xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/#!/x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- xxxxx://xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxx/xxxxx_xxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxx/xxxxxx/xxxxxx
- xxxxx://xxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxx.xxx?x=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx&x=xxxx