CVE-1999-0025 in IRIX
Summary
by MITRE
root privileges via buffer overflow in df command on sgi irix systems.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/26/2024
The vulnerability described in CVE-1999-0025 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw in the df command implementation on SGI IRIX operating systems. This issue arises from insufficient input validation within the df utility, which is commonly used to display disk space usage information. The flaw specifically manifests when the df command processes certain input parameters or file system paths that exceed predetermined buffer limits, creating an exploitable condition that allows unauthorized users to escalate their privileges to the root level. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it leverages a system utility that is typically accessible to all users and is frequently executed in administrative contexts.
The technical nature of this buffer overflow vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking within the df command's implementation on IRIX systems. When the command processes user-supplied arguments or encounters specific file system structures, it fails to validate the length of input data before copying it into fixed-size buffers. This classic programming error creates a situation where malicious input can overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially including return addresses or other critical program state information. The vulnerability falls under the CWE-121 category of Stack-based Buffer Overflow, which is a well-documented weakness in software development practices. Attackers can exploit this condition by crafting specially formatted input that triggers the buffer overflow, potentially allowing them to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple privilege escalation, as it fundamentally compromises the security model of IRIX systems. Since the df command is a standard utility that runs with elevated privileges in many configurations, successful exploitation could provide attackers with complete control over affected systems. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous in multi-user environments where regular users might have access to the df command, as it creates an attack vector that doesn't require prior authentication or specialized knowledge of system internals. The attack surface is further expanded because the df command is commonly used in automated scripts and system monitoring tools, making the exploitation potential more widespread than initially apparent.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-1999-0025 should focus on both immediate patching and defensive measures. The primary solution involves applying vendor-specific patches or updates that correct the buffer overflow condition in the df command implementation. System administrators should also consider implementing additional security controls such as restricting access to the df command through access control lists or file permissions, particularly for non-privileged users. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input validation and proper memory management in system utilities, aligning with ATT&CK technique T1068 which covers exploit for privilege escalation. Organizations should also implement monitoring for suspicious usage patterns of system utilities that could indicate exploitation attempts, as well as maintain comprehensive system logging to detect potential abuse of this vulnerability in production environments.