CVE-2000-0968 in Half-Life Dedicated Server
Summary
by MITRE
Buffer overflow in Half Life dedicated server before build 3104 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a long rcon command.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/02/2014
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2000-0968 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the Half-Life dedicated server software prior to build 3104. This issue stems from insufficient input validation in the remote console command processing functionality, creating an exploitable condition that allows malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The vulnerability specifically targets the rcon command handler which fails to properly bounds-check user-supplied input, enabling attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations through carefully crafted command sequences.
This buffer overflow vulnerability operates under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework as CWE-121, classified as Stack-based Buffer Overflow, where the attacker can manipulate the program execution flow by overwriting return addresses and function pointers in the call stack. The exploitability of this vulnerability is significantly enhanced by the fact that the affected Half-Life dedicated server instances often run with elevated privileges, particularly when configured to allow remote console access. The attack vector requires a remote connection to the server through the game's networking protocols, making it accessible to attackers across network boundaries without requiring local system access.
The operational impact of CVE-2000-0968 extends beyond simple command execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected server instances. This includes the ability to modify game configurations, access player data, manipulate server content, and potentially use the compromised server as a launch point for further attacks within the network. The vulnerability aligns with MITRE ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, specifically targeting the execution of system commands through the rcon interface. Organizations running Half-Life dedicated servers were particularly vulnerable as the exploit could be leveraged to create persistent backdoors or establish command and control channels.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability primarily focus on immediate software updates to build 3104 or later versions where the buffer overflow has been patched. System administrators should implement network segmentation to restrict access to dedicated server ports and consider deploying intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious rcon command patterns. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input validation and proper bounds checking in networked applications, reinforcing principles outlined in secure coding standards such as those recommended by the CERT/CC and OWASP. Additional protective measures include implementing access controls for rcon commands, monitoring server logs for unusual command sequences, and ensuring that only trusted users have access to the remote console functionality.