CVE-2004-1259 in abcpp
Summary
by MITRE
Multiple buffer overflows in the handle_directive function in abcpp.c for abcpp 1.3.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted ABC files.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/20/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2004-1259 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw in the abcpp 1.3.0 software package, specifically within the handle_directive function located in the abcpp.c source file. This software component serves as a tool for processing ABC files, which are typically used for representing musical notation in digital formats. The buffer overflow occurs when the application processes malformed or specially crafted ABC files that contain excessive data in certain directive structures, leading to memory corruption that can be exploited by remote attackers.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and bounds checking within the handle_directive function. When the application encounters ABC directives that exceed predetermined buffer sizes, the excessive data overflows into adjacent memory regions, potentially overwriting critical program variables, return addresses, or other executable code segments. This memory corruption creates opportunities for attackers to manipulate the program flow and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected application. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it allows remote code execution without requiring local access, making it a significant threat vector for network-based attacks.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability affects systems that process or validate ABC musical notation files, particularly those running abcpp 1.3.0 or earlier versions. The remote code execution capability means attackers can potentially compromise servers, workstations, or other systems that handle ABC file processing, leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or establishment of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability's exploitation requires crafting malicious ABC files that trigger the specific buffer overflow condition, but once successful, it provides attackers with extensive control over the affected systems. This makes the vulnerability particularly dangerous in environments where ABC files are processed automatically or where users can upload or receive such files from untrusted sources.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a classic example of improper input validation that leads to memory corruption. From an attack framework perspective, this vulnerability would map to techniques described in the ATT&CK framework under the T1059.007 category for execution through command and scripting interpreter, as successful exploitation would likely involve executing malicious code within the application context. Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of the abcpp software to version 1.3.1 or later, which contains the necessary fixes for the buffer overflow conditions. Additionally, implementing input validation measures, restricting file processing capabilities, and deploying network-based intrusion detection systems that can identify and block suspicious ABC file patterns would provide additional layers of protection. Organizations should also consider implementing principle of least privilege access controls and monitoring for unauthorized code execution attempts in systems processing ABC files.