CVE-2004-1301 in xlreader
Summary
by MITRE
Buffer overflow in the book_format_sql function in format.c for xlreader 0.9.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Excel (XLS) file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/26/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2004-1301 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the xlreader 0.9.0 software library, specifically within the book_format_sql function located in the format.c source file. This issue arises from inadequate input validation and memory management practices when processing Excel spreadsheet files, creating a pathway for malicious actors to exploit the software's handling of specially crafted XLS files. The vulnerability falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category of CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when a remote attacker crafts a malicious Excel file containing oversized or malformed data structures that exceed the allocated buffer space within the book_format_sql function. When the xlreader library processes this crafted file, the function fails to properly validate the input data length before copying it into a fixed-size buffer, resulting in a classic buffer overflow condition. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory segments including return addresses, function pointers, and other critical program state information, enabling attackers to redirect program execution flow and inject arbitrary code. The vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-787, heap-based buffer overflow, where memory corruption leads to potential code execution.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it provides attackers with a potential foothold for more sophisticated attacks within affected systems. Systems that utilize xlreader 0.9.0 for processing Excel files become vulnerable to exploitation, particularly in environments where users might receive or access untrusted spreadsheet documents. The remote nature of the attack means that exploitation can occur without local system access, making it particularly dangerous in networked environments. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which describes exploitation of remote services, and T1059, covering command and scripting interpreters, as successful exploitation could enable attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the compromised system. The vulnerability affects any system running xlreader 0.9.0 that processes Excel files, including web applications, automated data processing systems, and desktop applications that rely on this library for spreadsheet handling.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2004-1301 should prioritize immediate software updates to versions that address the buffer overflow vulnerability, as the most effective solution. Organizations should implement strict input validation measures and sanitize all spreadsheet file inputs before processing, particularly in web applications that accept user-uploaded Excel files. Network segmentation and access controls can limit the potential impact of exploitation by restricting access to systems running xlreader. Additionally, implementing memory protection mechanisms such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization, and data execution prevention can help mitigate exploitation attempts. Security monitoring should include detection of unusual file processing patterns and network traffic that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability underscores the importance of regular security updates and proper input validation practices, aligning with industry best practices outlined in NIST SP 800-160 and OWASP Top Ten security guidelines for preventing buffer overflow attacks through proper memory management and input validation controls.