CVE-2004-1628 in rssh
Summary
by MITRE
Format string vulnerability in log.c in rssh before 2.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/01/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2004-1628 represents a critical format string flaw within the rssh software package, specifically in the log.c component of versions prior to 2.2.2. This vulnerability affects the remote secure shell implementation that provides restricted shell access for authenticated users. The flaw manifests when the application processes user-supplied input through improper format string handling, creating a pathway for malicious code execution. The rssh utility is designed to provide controlled access to systems while limiting user capabilities, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for security-conscious environments where restricted shell access is implemented.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from the improper use of format string functions within the logging mechanism. When rssh processes log messages containing user-provided data without proper sanitization, it allows attackers to inject format specifiers that can manipulate the program's execution flow. This particular flaw resides in the log.c file where the application fails to properly validate or escape user input before using it in format string operations. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-134 which specifically addresses the use of user-controlled format strings, making it a well-documented and dangerous class of vulnerability that can lead to arbitrary code execution.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe for systems utilizing rssh versions before 2.2.2, as authenticated remote attackers can leverage this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the target system. This capability allows attackers to potentially escalate privileges, gain full system control, or establish persistent access points within the network. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it requires only authenticated access, meaning that an attacker who has already gained legitimate credentials can exploit this weakness to further compromise the system. This type of vulnerability can be exploited to bypass security controls that rely on rssh for restricted shell access, effectively neutralizing the intended security benefits of the application.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2004-1628 primarily focus on immediate software updates and implementation of proper input validation measures. Organizations should upgrade to rssh version 2.2.2 or later, which contains the necessary patches to address the format string vulnerability. Additionally, implementing proper input sanitization practices within the application code, such as using snprintf instead of sprintf, and avoiding direct use of user input in format string operations, can prevent similar vulnerabilities from occurring. System administrators should also consider implementing network segmentation and access controls to limit the potential impact of such vulnerabilities. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 which covers command and scripting interpreter usage, as the exploitation would likely involve executing malicious commands through the compromised shell access. The remediation approach should include comprehensive security auditing of similar applications and implementation of secure coding practices that prevent format string vulnerabilities from being introduced in future development cycles.