CVE-2004-2560 in DokuWiki
Summary
by MITRE
DokuWiki before 2004-10-19, when used on a web server that permits execution based on file extension, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an appropriate extension such as ".php" or ".cgi".
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/29/2018
This vulnerability exists in DokuWiki versions prior to 2004-10-19 and represents a critical file upload security flaw that enables remote code execution under specific server configurations. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and file extension handling within the wiki's file management system, allowing attackers to bypass security measures through strategic file naming. When a web server is configured to execute files based on their extensions rather than content type, malicious users can exploit this weakness to upload potentially harmful files with extensions like .php or .cgi that will be executed by the server.
The technical flaw resides in the application's failure to properly validate file extensions during the upload process, creating a path traversal and code execution vulnerability. This issue aligns with CWE-434 which describes insecure file upload vulnerabilities where applications accept files without proper validation of their content or extension. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it leverages existing server configurations rather than requiring additional attack vectors, making it more accessible to threat actors. The flaw essentially allows an attacker to upload a malicious script file that will be executed by the web server, potentially granting full control over the affected system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted, as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the target system with the privileges of the web server process. This can lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and the establishment of persistent backdoors. Attackers could upload web shells to maintain access, steal sensitive information, or use the compromised server as a launch point for further attacks within the network. The vulnerability affects not only the integrity of the DokuWiki installation but also potentially the entire hosting environment, as the executed code operates with the permissions of the web server user.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper file validation mechanisms and restricting file upload capabilities to only trusted users. Organizations should ensure that web servers are configured to reject executable file uploads and implement content-type validation in addition to extension checks. The recommended solution involves upgrading to DokuWiki version 2004-10-19 or later, which includes proper file extension validation and security enhancements. Additionally, implementing web application firewalls, restricting upload directories, and using secure file handling practices can help prevent exploitation. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this vulnerability maps to techniques involving file execution and privilege escalation, making it a critical target for defensive security measures.