CVE-2005-0188 in Toolbar
Summary
by MITRE
Format string vulnerability in the SetBaseURL function in AtHoc toolbar allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in an invalid URL that is recorded in the debug log.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/08/2017
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2005-0188 represents a critical format string vulnerability within the AtHoc toolbar software, specifically within the SetBaseURL function. This flaw arises from improper handling of user-supplied input during string formatting operations, creating a pathway for remote code execution. The vulnerability manifests when the application processes an invalid URL that gets recorded in the debug log, where format specifiers present in the malformed input are interpreted by the vulnerable function, leading to arbitrary code execution capabilities.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-134, which specifically addresses format string vulnerabilities where format specifiers in user-controlled input are processed without proper sanitization. The SetBaseURL function fails to properly validate or sanitize the URL input before incorporating it into debug logging operations. When an attacker crafts a malicious URL containing format specifiers such as %x, %s, or %n, these sequences are interpreted by the printf-family functions, potentially allowing attackers to read or modify memory locations, cause application crashes, or execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected application.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it provides attackers with a means to compromise systems running the AtHoc toolbar. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to inject malicious code into the application's memory space, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates through the debug logging mechanism, which may be enabled in production environments, making the attack surface larger than initially apparent. This type of vulnerability falls under the ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for command and script interpreter, as attackers can leverage the executed code to perform further malicious activities.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate input validation and sanitization within the SetBaseURL function. The most effective approach involves implementing strict input validation that prevents format specifiers from being processed in user-supplied URLs before they reach the debug logging functionality. Organizations should also consider disabling debug logging in production environments or implementing proper escaping of special characters in log messages. Additionally, the vulnerability demonstrates the importance of following secure coding practices as outlined in the OWASP Secure Coding Practices, particularly regarding the prevention of format string vulnerabilities. Regular security assessments and code reviews should be conducted to identify similar patterns in other functions that handle user input and string formatting operations.