CVE-2005-2581 in Budgetone 102
Summary
by MITRE
Grandstream BudgeTone 101 and 102 running firmware 1.0.6.7 and possibly earlier versions, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device hang or reboot) via a large UDP packet to port 5060.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/04/2024
The Grandstream BudgeTone 101 and 102 IP phones represent a class of VoIP devices that operate using the Session Initiation Protocol on port 5060, which is the standard port for SIP communications in telephony systems. These devices, particularly when running firmware version 1.0.6.7 and potentially earlier releases, exhibit a critical vulnerability that stems from inadequate input validation mechanisms within their network protocol handling. The vulnerability manifests when these devices receive malformed UDP packets that exceed normal operational parameters, specifically targeting the SIP signaling port.
This vulnerability falls under the category of a denial of service condition where an attacker can remotely exploit the device's failure to properly handle oversized UDP packets. The technical flaw occurs at the network protocol stack level where the device does not implement proper bounds checking or packet size validation for incoming SIP messages. When a specially crafted large UDP packet is transmitted to port 5060, the device's processing logic becomes overwhelmed or encounters a buffer overflow condition that results in system instability. The vulnerability is classified as a buffer over-read or improper input validation issue that directly relates to CWE-121 and CWE-125 categories, which address buffer overflow conditions and improper input validation respectively.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple service disruption as it can result in complete device unavailability for legitimate users. When the device hangs or reboots due to this vulnerability, it creates a cascading effect in the VoIP network infrastructure, potentially disrupting communication services for multiple users within the organization. The remote nature of the attack means that an attacker can exploit this vulnerability from outside the network perimeter, making it particularly dangerous for organizations that do not properly segment their VoIP infrastructure from public networks. This vulnerability directly maps to ATT&CK technique T1499.004 which covers network denial of service attacks, and T1566.001 which addresses spearphishing via social engineering techniques that could be used to deliver the malicious UDP packets.
Organizations utilizing these devices should implement immediate mitigations including network segmentation to isolate VoIP infrastructure from external networks, deployment of network access control lists to filter UDP traffic on port 5060, and implementation of intrusion detection systems to monitor for unusual traffic patterns. The most effective long-term solution involves upgrading to firmware versions that properly validate incoming UDP packet sizes and implement robust input sanitization mechanisms. Network administrators should also consider implementing rate limiting on SIP traffic and deploying firewalls with deep packet inspection capabilities to prevent malformed packets from reaching the affected devices. Additionally, regular vulnerability assessments should be conducted to identify other potential weaknesses in VoIP infrastructure that could be exploited using similar techniques. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure coding practices in embedded systems and the necessity of proper input validation in network protocol implementations to prevent remote exploitation leading to system instability.