CVE-2005-4601 in ImageMagick
Summary
by MITRE
The delegate code in ImageMagick 6.2.4.5-0.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename that is processed by the display command.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/13/2019
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2005-4601 represents a critical command injection flaw within ImageMagick's delegate functionality, specifically affecting version 6.2.4.5-0.3. This issue arises from insufficient input validation and sanitization when processing image files through the display command, creating a pathway for remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. The vulnerability stems from the improper handling of shell metacharacters within filenames, which allows malicious actors to inject command sequences that get executed by the underlying shell. The delegate code in ImageMagick is designed to handle various image format conversions and processing tasks, but in this instance it fails to properly escape or sanitize user-supplied filenames before passing them to shell commands, creating a dangerous attack surface where arbitrary code execution becomes possible.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker uploads or provides a specially crafted filename containing shell metacharacters such as semicolons, ampersands, or backticks that are interpreted by the shell during the image processing operation. When the display command processes such a filename, the delegate code constructs shell commands without proper sanitization, allowing the attacker to inject additional commands that execute with the privileges of the ImageMagick process. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-78 category of "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command," which is a well-documented weakness in software systems where user input is directly incorporated into operating system commands without proper escaping or validation. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it can be triggered through web applications that utilize ImageMagick for image processing, making it exploitable via web-based attacks without requiring direct system access.
The operational impact of CVE-2005-4601 extends beyond simple command execution to encompass full system compromise when attackers leverage this vulnerability effectively. Successful exploitation can result in unauthorized access to system resources, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, and potential lateral movement within network environments. The vulnerability affects systems running vulnerable versions of ImageMagick across multiple platforms including unix-like systems and windows environments where the software is installed. Attackers can use this vulnerability to establish persistent access through backdoor creation, install malware, or perform reconnaissance activities by executing system commands that reveal system information, network configuration, or other sensitive data. The risk is particularly elevated in web applications that process user-uploaded images, as these applications often run with elevated privileges and may have access to sensitive system resources or databases.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2005-4601 should focus on immediate version upgrades to patched releases of ImageMagick, as the vulnerability was addressed in subsequent releases through improved input validation and sanitization mechanisms. Organizations should implement strict input validation controls that prevent shell metacharacters from being processed within filenames, particularly in contexts where these inputs are passed to system commands. Network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit exposure of systems running ImageMagick, while monitoring systems should be configured to detect suspicious command execution patterns. The implementation of principle of least privilege should ensure that ImageMagick processes run with minimal necessary permissions, reducing the potential impact of successful exploitation. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing web application firewalls and input sanitization layers to provide additional protection against command injection attacks. This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and input validation, particularly in software components that interface with operating system commands, and aligns with ATT&CK techniques related to command and control through arbitrary code execution and privilege escalation.