CVE-2007-3236 in Horoscope Module
Summary
by MITRE
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in footer.php in the Horoscope 1.0 module for XOOPS allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the xoopsConfig[root_path] parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/21/2024
The CVE-2007-3236 vulnerability represents a critical remote file inclusion flaw within the Horoscope 1.0 module for XOOPS content management system. This vulnerability resides in the footer.php file and stems from improper input validation of the xoopsConfig[root_path] parameter. The flaw allows malicious actors to inject arbitrary URLs that are then processed as PHP code, creating a pathway for remote code execution. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it leverages the inherent trust model of web applications where legitimate configuration parameters are manipulated to load malicious content from external sources.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability follows the classic remote file inclusion pattern where user-controllable input directly influences file inclusion mechanisms. When the xoopsConfig[root_path] parameter receives a URL value instead of a local file path, the application's file inclusion logic treats this external resource as executable PHP code. This occurs due to insufficient sanitization and validation of the parameter before it is used in file operations. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-88, which addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in an expression, specifically in the context of code inclusion. The flaw demonstrates poor input validation practices and highlights the importance of proper parameter sanitization in web applications.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple code execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected server. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to upload and execute malicious payloads, potentially leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or establishment of persistent backdoors. The attack surface is particularly concerning because XOOPS is a widely used content management system, making vulnerable installations common targets. The vulnerability also aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190, which describes the use of remote file inclusion to execute malicious code, and T1059, which covers the execution of commands through web shells or similar mechanisms.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2007-3236 must address both immediate remediation and long-term security hardening. The primary solution involves patching the affected module to properly validate and sanitize the xoopsConfig[root_path] parameter, ensuring that only legitimate local file paths are accepted. Organizations should implement input validation that restricts parameter values to predefined safe patterns and reject any URLs or external references. Additionally, the use of PHP's allow_url_include directive should be disabled to prevent remote file inclusion entirely. Security measures should include regular vulnerability scanning, implementation of web application firewalls, and adherence to secure coding practices such as those outlined in the OWASP Top Ten. The vulnerability also underscores the importance of maintaining updated software versions and implementing proper access controls to limit the impact of potential exploitation attempts.