CVE-2007-5573 in LimeSurvey
Summary
by MITRE
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in classes/core/language.php in LimeSurvey 1.5.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rootdir parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/07/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2007-5573 represents a critical remote file inclusion flaw in LimeSurvey version 1.5.2 and earlier, specifically within the classes/core/language.php file. This vulnerability stems from improper input validation and sanitization mechanisms that fail to properly restrict user-supplied data before using it in file inclusion operations. The affected parameter, rootdir, accepts URL values that are directly incorporated into PHP include statements without adequate security checks, creating a pathway for malicious actors to inject and execute arbitrary code on the target system. The flaw aligns with CWE-88, which describes improper neutralization of special elements used in an expression, and CWE-94, which addresses improper control of generation of code, both of which are fundamental to the exploitation chain. From an operational perspective, this vulnerability enables remote code execution with the privileges of the web server process, potentially allowing attackers to gain full control over the affected LimeSurvey installation and subsequently compromise the underlying infrastructure.
The exploitation of this vulnerability follows a well-documented pattern that maps to several ATT&CK techniques including T1190 for exploitation of remote services and T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage. Attackers can craft malicious URLs containing PHP code or references to remote code repositories, which when passed through the vulnerable rootdir parameter, get executed by the PHP interpreter. The impact extends beyond immediate code execution to include potential data breaches, system compromise, and lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability's severity is amplified by the fact that LimeSurvey is commonly deployed in environments handling sensitive survey data, making the potential compromise of such systems particularly concerning for organizations in healthcare, finance, and government sectors. The flaw demonstrates a classic lack of input validation and secure coding practices that has been a persistent issue in web applications, particularly those developed in PHP environments where dynamic include operations are frequently employed.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2007-5573 must address both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The primary solution involves upgrading to LimeSurvey versions 1.5.3 and later, which contain patches specifically addressing the remote file inclusion vulnerability. Organizations should also implement input validation mechanisms that reject or sanitize any URL parameters before they are processed, ensuring that only legitimate local paths are accepted. Network-level defenses including web application firewalls and intrusion prevention systems can provide additional layers of protection by monitoring for suspicious URL patterns and blocking known malicious payloads. Security configuration practices should include disabling remote file inclusion capabilities in PHP configurations where possible, and implementing strict file access controls that prevent unauthorized code execution. The vulnerability also underscores the importance of regular security assessments, code reviews, and adherence to secure coding standards such as those outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and NIST cybersecurity frameworks. Organizations should also establish incident response procedures specifically designed to handle remote code execution vulnerabilities, including system isolation, forensic analysis, and comprehensive security patch management processes.