CVE-2010-4226 in files
Summary
by MITRE
cpio, as used in build 2007.05.10, 2010.07.28, and possibly other versions, allows remote attackers to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink within an RPM package archive.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/09/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2010-4226 affects the cpio utility, a fundamental tool for packaging and extracting files in Unix-like operating systems. This flaw exists in specific build versions including 2007.05.10 and 2010.07.28, with potential prevalence in other iterations of the software. The cpio utility serves as a critical component in package management systems, particularly when handling rpm package archives that are widely used in enterprise and distribution environments. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of symbolic links during the extraction process, creating a dangerous condition where maliciously crafted package archives can manipulate the file system.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when cpio processes RPM packages containing symbolic links that point to arbitrary file paths. When an RPM package is installed, the cpio utility extracts files from the archive while following symbolic links without proper verification of the target destinations. Attackers can craft RPM packages that include carefully constructed symbolic links designed to overwrite critical system files, configuration files, or even executable binaries. This occurs because the extraction process does not validate whether symbolic links point outside the intended installation directory or target system-critical locations. The flaw essentially allows an attacker to bypass normal file system permissions and overwrite files that should be protected, creating a privilege escalation vector.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple file overwriting, as it can lead to complete system compromise when attackers leverage it in conjunction with other attack vectors. An attacker who can upload or distribute a malicious RPM package can potentially overwrite system binaries, configuration files, or even create backdoors by replacing legitimate executables with malicious versions. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where automated package deployment systems may automatically install packages from untrusted sources. The attack can result in persistent access, data corruption, or complete system takeover depending on which files are overwritten. Organizations using affected cpio versions face significant risk when installing packages from unknown or untrusted sources, as the vulnerability can be exploited through seemingly legitimate package installation processes.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-59 and CWE-22 categories in the Common Weakness Enumeration taxonomy, specifically addressing improper handling of symbolic links and path traversal issues. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this vulnerability maps to T1059.007 for execution through package managers and T1547.001 for privilege escalation through file system manipulation. Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of affected cpio versions to ensure proper validation of symbolic links during extraction operations. Organizations should implement strict package verification processes including digital signature validation and package integrity checks before installation. Additionally, system administrators should consider implementing file system monitoring and access control measures to detect unauthorized file modifications. The most effective long-term solution involves updating to patched versions of cpio where symbolic link handling has been properly secured, ensuring that all extracted files maintain their intended paths and cannot be manipulated through crafted symbolic links within package archives.