CVE-2011-2368 in Firefox
Summary
by MITRE
The WebGL implementation in Mozilla Firefox 4.x through 4.0.1 does not properly restrict write operations, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/13/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2011-2368 represents a critical security flaw within the WebGL graphics rendering implementation of Mozilla Firefox versions 4.0 through 4.0.1. This issue stems from inadequate memory management and access control mechanisms within the browser's graphics processing subsystem, specifically affecting the WebGL API which enables hardware-accelerated 3D graphics rendering directly within web browsers. The flaw manifests as insufficient validation of write operations within the graphics memory space, creating potential pathways for malicious actors to exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability lies in the improper handling of buffer boundaries and memory access controls within Firefox's WebGL implementation. When processing WebGL commands, the browser fails to adequately verify the legitimacy of write operations to graphics memory regions, allowing attackers to craft malicious WebGL content that can overwrite memory locations beyond intended boundaries. This memory corruption occurs at the intersection of graphics driver interfaces and browser memory management systems, creating a dangerous attack surface where arbitrary code execution becomes possible through carefully constructed WebGL commands. The vulnerability specifically targets the graphics processing unit integration within Firefox's rendering pipeline, where WebGL operations interact directly with system memory through graphics hardware interfaces.
The operational impact of CVE-2011-2368 extends beyond simple application crashes to encompass full system compromise capabilities. Remote attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on affected systems with the privileges of the browser process, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability affects all users running Firefox 4.0 through 4.0.1, making it particularly dangerous as it targets a widely deployed browser version. Attack vectors typically involve visiting malicious websites containing specially crafted WebGL content or receiving crafted web content through email or other delivery mechanisms. The vulnerability's exploitation can result in denial of service conditions, system crashes, or more severe outcomes including persistent backdoor installation and data exfiltration.
Security researchers have classified this vulnerability under CWE-121, which describes "Stack-based Buffer Overflow", and it aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for "Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript" as the initial exploitation vector. The vulnerability also maps to ATT&CK technique T1068 for "Local Privilege Escalation" when successful exploitation occurs, as attackers can leverage graphics driver weaknesses to gain elevated system privileges. Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including prompt browser updates to versions containing patches, deployment of web content filters, and network-based intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploitation attempts. The patch for this vulnerability involved implementing stricter memory boundary checks and enhanced validation of WebGL command parameters, ensuring that write operations remain within allocated memory regions. Additionally, security teams should consider implementing browser sandboxing mechanisms and monitoring for anomalous WebGL activity patterns as part of comprehensive defense strategies against similar graphics-related vulnerabilities.