CVE-2013-0878 in FFmpeg
Summary
by MITRE
The advance_line function in libavcodec/targa.c in FFmpeg before 1.1.3 allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via crafted Targa image data, related to an out-of-bounds array access.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/04/2018
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2013-0878 represents a critical out-of-bounds array access flaw within the FFmpeg multimedia framework's Targa image decoding component. This issue resides in the advance_line function located in libavcodec/targa.c, affecting FFmpeg versions prior to 1.1.3. The vulnerability arises when processing specially crafted Targa image files that contain malformed data structures, specifically targeting the array boundary checking mechanisms during image line processing operations. Such flaws typically occur when the decoder fails to properly validate input parameters before using them as array indices, creating opportunities for memory corruption and potential code execution.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates a classic buffer over-read condition where the advance_line function does not adequately validate the bounds of array accesses when processing Targa image metadata. When malicious Targa files are parsed, the function attempts to access memory locations beyond the allocated array boundaries, potentially leading to information disclosure, application crashes, or in some cases, arbitrary code execution depending on the memory layout and exploitation conditions. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-129 category of Improper Validation of Array Index, which is classified as a weakness in the input validation process of array access operations. The flaw represents a fundamental failure in bounds checking that allows attackers to manipulate memory access patterns through crafted input data.
The operational impact of CVE-2013-0878 extends significantly across various digital media processing environments where FFmpeg is deployed as a core component. Systems utilizing FFmpeg for video processing, media transcoding, content management, or digital asset handling become vulnerable to remote code execution when processing malicious Targa images. This includes web applications, media servers, content delivery networks, and digital signage systems that accept user-uploaded media files. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because Targa images are commonly used in professional graphics applications, video editing workflows, and gaming environments, making the attack surface broad and diverse. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability through web-based file uploads, email attachments, or any system that processes Targa image files without proper input sanitization, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2013-0878 primarily focus on immediate software updates and input validation enhancements. Organizations should prioritize upgrading to FFmpeg version 1.1.3 or later, which includes the necessary patches to address the out-of-bounds array access issue. Additionally, implementing robust input validation measures such as strict file format checking, size limitations, and sandboxed processing environments can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation. Security teams should also consider deploying network-based intrusion detection systems that can identify and block suspicious Targa file patterns. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which covers Exploitation for Client Execution, emphasizing the importance of securing multimedia processing components against crafted input data. Organizations should also implement proper access controls and network segmentation to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation, ensuring that vulnerable systems are isolated from critical network infrastructure to prevent lateral movement attacks.