CVE-2015-0077 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE
The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 do not properly initialize function buffers, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory, and possibly bypass the ASLR protection mechanism, via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Memory Disclosure Vulnerability."
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/15/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2015-0077 represents a critical kernel-mode memory disclosure flaw affecting multiple versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems. This issue stems from improper initialization of function buffers within kernel-mode drivers, creating a condition where malicious applications can exploit the system to extract sensitive information from kernel memory spaces. The vulnerability specifically impacts Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1. The improper buffer initialization allows local attackers to perform memory reads that should otherwise be restricted, potentially exposing critical system information that could be leveraged for further exploitation.
The technical flaw manifests when kernel-mode drivers fail to properly initialize memory buffers before use, creating predictable memory patterns that can be exploited by local users. This vulnerability falls under the CWE-128 category of "Wrap or Overflow" and specifically relates to improper initialization of buffers in kernel space. The flaw enables attackers to read uninitialized memory regions, which may contain sensitive data such as cryptographic keys, security tokens, or other confidential information stored in kernel memory. The memory disclosure aspect of this vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can reveal information that might be used to bypass security mechanisms like Address Space Layout Randomization, which is designed to make memory addresses unpredictable and thus harder to target in exploit development.
The operational impact of CVE-2015-0077 extends beyond simple information disclosure, as it can significantly weaken the overall security posture of affected systems. When attackers can extract kernel memory contents, they gain valuable intelligence about system internals, including memory layout information that can be used to circumvent ASLR protections. This capability makes subsequent exploitation attempts more successful, as attackers can now target specific memory addresses that would otherwise be randomized. The vulnerability represents a privilege escalation vector that allows local users to gain unauthorized access to kernel memory spaces, potentially leading to full system compromise. The attack requires local system access, making it a local privilege escalation vulnerability that can be particularly dangerous in multi-user environments where users might not have administrative privileges.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2015-0077 should focus on immediate patch deployment through Microsoft's security updates, as the vulnerability has been addressed through official patches released in the corresponding security bulletins. Organizations should prioritize patching affected systems, particularly those running older Windows versions like Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista, which are no longer supported and remain at heightened risk. Additionally, implementing the principle of least privilege can help limit the potential impact of exploitation, as attackers need local access to leverage this vulnerability. System administrators should also monitor for suspicious memory access patterns and implement enhanced logging for kernel-mode activities. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, and T1068 for exploit for privilege escalation, making it a significant concern for organizations implementing security monitoring and incident response procedures. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should include checks for this specific memory disclosure vulnerability to ensure comprehensive protection coverage.