CVE-2015-0990 in IntegraXor SCADA Server
Summary
by MITRE
Untrusted search path vulnerability in Ecava IntegraXor SCADA Server before 4.2.4488 allows local users to gain privileges via a renamed DLL in the default install directory.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/01/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2015-0990 represents a critical untrusted search path issue affecting Ecava IntegraXor SCADA Server versions prior to 4.2.4488. This flaw resides in the software's dynamic link library loading mechanism, where the application fails to properly validate the source and integrity of dynamically loaded modules. The vulnerability specifically manifests when the application searches for required DLL files in its default installation directory without implementing proper security checks to ensure that these libraries originate from trusted sources. This behavior creates a privilege escalation vector that local attackers can exploit to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability relies on the principle of DLL hijacking, where an attacker places a maliciously crafted DLL file with the same name as a legitimate library that the application expects to load. When the application starts or performs operations requiring the specific DLL, it inadvertently loads the attacker-controlled module from the default installation directory instead of the legitimate system location. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-427, which describes Unrestricted Search Path, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1068, which covers Local Privilege Escalation through DLL hijacking. The flaw demonstrates poor input validation and inadequate security controls in the application's library loading process, allowing attackers to bypass normal security boundaries and execute code with the privileges of the running process.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution, as it provides local attackers with the capability to escalate their privileges within the SCADA environment. In industrial control systems, this can lead to significant operational disruptions, data manipulation, or unauthorized access to critical infrastructure components. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in SCADA environments where systems often run with elevated privileges and where the integrity of control processes is paramount. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to gain persistent access to the system, potentially leading to cascading effects throughout the industrial control network and compromising the overall security posture of the organization's operational technology infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2015-0990 should focus on both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The primary solution involves updating to Ecava IntegraXor SCADA Server version 4.2.4488 or later, which includes proper validation of library loading paths and implementation of secure search path mechanisms. Organizations should also implement application whitelisting policies to restrict which DLLs can be loaded by the application, as well as employ directory permissions controls to prevent unauthorized modifications to the installation directory. Additionally, implementing security measures such as Windows Defender Application Control or similar technologies can help prevent the execution of unauthorized DLLs. System administrators should conduct regular security assessments of SCADA systems, ensuring that all applications follow secure coding practices and that proper security controls are in place to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced into industrial control environments. The vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices in industrial control systems and the necessity of maintaining up-to-date security patches in critical infrastructure applications.