CVE-2015-1428 in Sefrengo
Summary
by MITRE
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Sefrengo before 1.6.2 allow (1) remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the sefrengo cookie in a login to backend/main.php or (2) remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the value_id parameter in a save_value action to backend/main.php.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/29/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2015-1428 represents a critical SQL injection flaw affecting the Sefrengo content management system prior to version 1.6.2. This vulnerability manifests through two distinct attack vectors that collectively enable malicious actors to execute arbitrary SQL commands within the affected system. The first vector targets the sefrengo cookie parameter during backend login operations to the main.php endpoint, while the second vector exploits the value_id parameter during save_value actions within the same backend interface. Both attack paths exploit insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the application's database interaction layer.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through improper handling of user-supplied input within the application's backend processing logic. When the sefrengo cookie or value_id parameters are processed without adequate sanitization or parameterized query construction, attackers can inject malicious SQL payloads that are subsequently executed by the database engine. This allows for complete database compromise, including but not limited to data extraction, modification, or deletion of sensitive information. The vulnerability directly maps to CWE-89 which defines SQL injection as the insertion of malicious SQL code into input fields for execution by the database. The attack requires either remote unauthenticated access through the cookie parameter or authenticated access through the value_id parameter, making it particularly dangerous as it can be exploited by both external threat actors and compromised legitimate users.
The operational impact of CVE-2015-1428 extends beyond simple data theft to encompass complete system compromise and potential lateral movement within affected networks. Successful exploitation enables attackers to extract sensitive user credentials, personal information, and system configuration data from the database. The vulnerability's presence in the backend management interface creates a direct pathway for attackers to manipulate content, modify user permissions, and potentially establish persistent backdoors within the system. From an attacker's perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.004 which describes application layer protocol manipulation, specifically targeting web application interfaces for data exfiltration and system compromise. The vulnerability also corresponds to ATT&CK technique T1190 which covers exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications to gain unauthorized access to systems.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2015-1428 require immediate implementation of proper input validation and parameterized query construction throughout the application codebase. Organizations should prioritize upgrading to Sefrengo version 1.6.2 or later, which contains the necessary patches to address the identified SQL injection flaws. Additionally, implementing proper cookie validation mechanisms and input sanitization for all parameters received through backend interfaces will significantly reduce the attack surface. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls and database activity monitoring should be deployed to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regular security audits and penetration testing of web applications should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other system components, with particular attention to legacy applications that may be vulnerable to similar injection attacks. The implementation of principle of least privilege for database connections and regular security training for developers will further reduce the risk of similar vulnerabilities in future application deployments.