CVE-2015-1763 in SQL Server
Summary
by MITRE
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SP3 and SP4, 2008 R2 SP2 and SP3, 2012 SP1 and SP2, and 2014 does not prevent use of uninitialized memory in certain attempts to execute virtual functions, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a crafted query, aka "SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/31/2022
This vulnerability represents a critical memory safety issue affecting multiple versions of Microsoft SQL Server dating back to 2008 through 2014. The flaw manifests in the improper handling of virtual function calls within the database engine's execution path, specifically when processing certain types of queries that trigger uninitialized memory access patterns. The vulnerability stems from the server's failure to properly validate memory states before executing virtual function pointers, creating a scenario where attacker-controlled data can influence memory layout and execution flow.
The technical exploitation occurs when authenticated users submit crafted queries that manipulate the virtual function table structure within SQL Server's memory management system. This allows attackers to leverage uninitialized memory contents to redirect execution flow and ultimately execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the SQL Server service account. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it requires only authenticated access to the database system, meaning that attackers with legitimate user credentials can exploit this flaw without requiring administrative privileges or additional attack vectors.
From a cybersecurity perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-457, which describes the use of uninitialized variables, and demonstrates how memory corruption flaws can lead to remote code execution. The attack vector operates through the database engine's query processing pipeline, where the uninitialized memory access occurs during virtual function dispatch operations. The operational impact extends beyond simple code execution as successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and lateral movement within network environments where SQL Server instances reside.
The vulnerability's severity classification as remote code execution underscores its potential for widespread damage in enterprise environments where SQL Server serves as a critical data storage component. Organizations typically maintain extensive database infrastructure with SQL Server instances running across various network segments, making this vulnerability particularly attractive to threat actors seeking persistent access. The exploitability factor is enhanced by the fact that the vulnerability affects multiple product versions simultaneously, requiring organizations to apply patches across their entire SQL Server portfolio.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate patch deployment through Microsoft's security updates, which address the memory management issues in virtual function handling. Network segmentation and access control measures should be implemented to limit the blast radius of potential exploitation, particularly by restricting direct database access from untrusted networks. Database administrators should also implement least privilege principles, ensuring that SQL Server service accounts operate with minimal required permissions. Additionally, monitoring for unusual query patterns and anomalous execution behavior can help detect exploitation attempts. The vulnerability's characteristics make it particularly susceptible to detection through behavioral analysis and intrusion detection systems that monitor for memory corruption patterns and unauthorized code execution attempts.