CVE-2015-2866 in GXV3611_HD Camera
Summary
by MITRE
SQL injection vulnerability on the Grandstream GXV3611_HD camera with firmware before 1.0.3.9 beta allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands by attempting to establish a TELNET session with a crafted username.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/05/2024
The CVE-2015-2866 vulnerability represents a critical SQL injection flaw affecting Grandstream GXV3611_HD IP cameras running firmware versions prior to 1.0.3.9 beta. This vulnerability resides in the camera's authentication handling mechanism and specifically targets the TELNET service implementation. The flaw stems from insufficient input validation when processing username parameters during TELNET session establishment, creating an exploitable condition that allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL commands directly into the underlying database layer. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands without requiring authentication, effectively bypassing the camera's security controls.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through a carefully crafted TELNET username that contains malicious SQL payload. When the camera processes this malformed username during the TELNET authentication sequence, the SQL injection occurs within the internal database query execution path. This type of vulnerability maps directly to CWE-89 which defines SQL injection as the insertion of malicious SQL code into input fields, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190 which covers exploiting vulnerabilities in network services. The attack vector specifically targets the camera's TELNET service port, making it accessible over the network without requiring physical access or prior credentials. The injection occurs at the application layer where user input is directly concatenated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access, as it provides attackers with complete database control over the camera's internal storage system. This could enable attackers to extract sensitive configuration data, modify user accounts, access stored video footage, and potentially escalate privileges to gain full administrative control over the device. The vulnerability affects not just individual cameras but entire network deployments where multiple GXV3611_HD devices are configured with vulnerable firmware versions. Network reconnaissance tools can easily identify vulnerable devices by scanning for the specific TELNET service port and testing the injection payload, making this vulnerability particularly attractive to automated attack frameworks. The exposure of database credentials and configuration information could lead to broader network compromise as attackers may use the camera as a foothold for lateral movement.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2015-2866 primarily focus on firmware updates, which Grandstream released as part of version 1.0.3.9 beta. Organizations should immediately deploy the patched firmware to all affected devices and conduct thorough inventory checks to identify any remaining vulnerable units. Network segmentation should be implemented to isolate video surveillance equipment from critical network segments, while disabling unnecessary services including TELNET and SSH protocols where possible. Access control lists should be configured to restrict TELNET access to only trusted IP addresses, and all default credentials should be changed immediately. Additionally, network monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual TELNET connection patterns and malformed username attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining up-to-date firmware and implementing proper input validation controls, with ATT&CK framework guidance emphasizing the need for service hardening and access control enforcement. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar injection flaws in other networked devices and systems.