CVE-2015-2917 in Almond
Summary
by MITRE
Securifi Almond devices with firmware before AL1-R201EXP10-L304-W34 and Almond-2015 devices with firmware before AL2-R088M unintentionally omit the X-Frame-Options HTTP header, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via a crafted web site that contains a (1) FRAME, (2) IFRAME, or (3) OBJECT element.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/07/2024
The Securifi Almond devices represent a class of smart home networking appliances that connect to wireless networks and provide various IoT connectivity functions. These devices, including both the Almond-1 and Almond-2 models, were found to contain a critical security flaw in their web interface implementation. The vulnerability stems from the absence of proper HTTP security headers, specifically the X-Frame-Options header, which is a fundamental defense mechanism against clickjacking attacks. This flaw affects firmware versions prior to AL1-R201EXP10-L304-W34 for Almond-1 devices and AL2-R088M for Almond-2 devices, indicating a widespread issue across multiple device generations and firmware releases. The omission of this header creates a significant security gap that directly impacts the device's web-based management interface.
The technical flaw manifests as a missing X-Frame-Options HTTP header in the web server responses generated by these devices. This header serves as a crucial security control that instructs web browsers to prevent rendering the content within a frame, iframe, or object element. When this header is absent, browsers default to allowing frame embedding, making the device's management interface susceptible to clickjacking attacks. Attackers can craft malicious websites that embed the vulnerable device's web interface using FRAME, IFRAME, or OBJECT HTML elements, effectively creating a deceptive user experience where legitimate users might unknowingly interact with the device interface through malicious overlays. The vulnerability specifically targets the web-based administrative functionality, which typically includes configuration settings, network management, and device control features that could be exploited for unauthorized access or manipulation.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple web interface exposure, as it enables sophisticated attack vectors that could compromise the entire IoT ecosystem managed by these devices. Remote attackers can leverage this weakness to conduct automated clickjacking attacks, potentially gaining unauthorized access to device configurations, network settings, or user credentials stored within the device interface. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in smart home environments where these devices often serve as gateways to broader network infrastructure, potentially providing attackers with lateral movement capabilities. The ease of exploitation means that attackers can create convincing phishing-like scenarios that trick users into performing unintended actions on the device interface, such as changing network configurations, resetting passwords, or modifying security settings. This represents a significant risk to IoT security posture and user privacy, as the compromised device could become a persistent threat within the network environment.
The security implications of this vulnerability align with CWE-1021, which addresses Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames, and corresponds to ATT&CK technique T1211 for lateral movement through web application interfaces. Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including firmware updates to the latest versions that include the X-Frame-Options header, network segmentation to isolate these devices from critical systems, and regular security assessments of IoT infrastructure. Additionally, administrators should consider implementing web application firewalls and monitoring for suspicious frame embedding activities. The vulnerability underscores the importance of proper HTTP security header implementation in IoT devices and highlights the need for comprehensive security testing of web interfaces in networked devices. This flaw demonstrates how seemingly minor configuration issues can create substantial security risks in connected environments, emphasizing the critical nature of security-by-design principles in IoT development and deployment practices.