CVE-2015-4464 in Digital Video Recorder 104
Summary
by MITRE
Kguard Digital Video Recorder 104, 108, v2 does not have any authorization or authentication between an ActiveX client and the application server.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/16/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2015-4464 affects Kguard Digital Video Recorder models 104, 108, and v2, representing a critical security flaw in the communication architecture between ActiveX client components and the application server. This weakness stems from the complete absence of authorization and authentication mechanisms within the system's inter-component communication framework, creating an exploitable gap that allows unauthorized entities to interact with the server without proper verification of their identity or privileges.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-305, which addresses authentication failures that could lead to unauthorized access to protected resources. The absence of authentication between the ActiveX client and server creates a fundamental security architecture flaw where any malicious actor with network access can potentially establish connections and execute commands on the DVR system. This lack of access control mechanisms means that the system operates under the assumption that all communications originate from trusted sources, which violates core security principles of defense in depth and least privilege access.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents significant risks to organizations relying on Kguard DVR systems for security monitoring and surveillance operations. Attackers could exploit this weakness to gain unauthorized access to video feeds, modify recording configurations, disable security features, or even execute arbitrary code on the affected devices. The impact extends beyond simple unauthorized access to potentially compromise entire security infrastructures, as DVR systems often serve as central points for network monitoring and access control. The vulnerability's exploitation could result in complete loss of surveillance capabilities, data integrity compromise, and potential lateral movement within network environments where these devices are deployed.
The attack surface for this vulnerability is particularly concerning given the widespread deployment of DVR systems in both enterprise and industrial environments. The ActiveX client component typically runs within web browsers or other client applications, making it susceptible to various attack vectors including social engineering, cross-site scripting attacks, or browser-based exploits. Security frameworks such as ATT&CK's T1071.004 (Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols) and T1071.001 (Application Layer Protocol: File Transfer Protocol) could be leveraged by threat actors to exploit this authentication bypass. Organizations implementing these systems face risks of persistent threats that could remain undetected for extended periods while maintaining unauthorized access to critical surveillance data and system controls.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing proper authentication mechanisms between the ActiveX client and server components, including the deployment of secure communication protocols such as TLS/SSL encryption for data transmission. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to restrict access to these systems from untrusted networks, while regular security audits should monitor for unauthorized access attempts. Additionally, organizations should consider replacing vulnerable systems with modern solutions that incorporate robust authentication frameworks, and implement network monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous communications patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and the necessity of implementing proper access control mechanisms in all system components, particularly those handling sensitive security data and communications.