CVE-2015-4928 in Ambari
Summary
by MITRE
Apache Ambari before 2.1, as used in IBM Infosphere BigInsights 4.x before 4.1, includes cleartext passwords on a Configs screen, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading password fields.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/26/2022
Apache Ambari versions prior to 2.1 contained a critical security flaw that exposed cleartext passwords in the Configs screen interface. This vulnerability affected IBM Infosphere BigInsights 4.x versions before 4.1, creating a significant risk for physically proximate attackers who could directly observe and capture password information. The flaw stems from improper handling of sensitive configuration data within the web-based management interface, where password fields were rendered in plain text rather than being masked or encrypted during display. This design oversight violates fundamental security principles and creates an attack surface that requires minimal technical expertise to exploit.
The vulnerability manifests when administrators access the configuration management screen within the Ambari web interface, where password fields are displayed in cleartext format. This exposure occurs at the user interface level rather than at the application or network level, making it particularly concerning for environments where physical access controls are insufficient or compromised. Attackers with physical proximity to the system can simply observe password fields on screen without requiring any network-based exploitation techniques or advanced hacking skills. The configuration screen typically displays various system parameters including authentication credentials, database passwords, and other sensitive information that should remain protected from casual observation.
From a technical perspective, this vulnerability represents a clear violation of the principle of least privilege and proper information hiding. The flaw falls under CWE-522, which addresses Insufficiently Protected Credentials, and specifically relates to CWE-312, which covers Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information. The operational impact extends beyond simple credential theft, as these exposed passwords often provide attackers with direct access to critical system components, databases, and services. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in shared office environments, data centers, or any location where unauthorized physical access to administrative systems is possible, as it eliminates the need for complex attack vectors and reduces the barrier to successful exploitation.
Security professionals should recognize this vulnerability as a prime example of inadequate input validation and output sanitization within web applications. The flaw demonstrates the importance of implementing proper access controls and information protection measures even in administrative interfaces. Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including updating to Ambari 2.1 or later versions, implementing strict physical access controls, and ensuring that administrators are trained to recognize and avoid exposing sensitive information in public view. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing screen locking mechanisms, monitoring for unauthorized physical access, and establishing regular security audits to identify similar vulnerabilities in other management interfaces. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this type of vulnerability under T1562.001, which addresses Taint Data, emphasizing the need for proper data protection measures at all levels of system architecture. This vulnerability serves as a reminder that security must be considered in all aspects of system design, including user interface elements where sensitive data is displayed.