CVE-2016-0152 in IIS
Summary
by MITRE
Internet Information Services (IIS) in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2 and Server 2008 SP2 mishandles library loading, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows DLL Loading Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/03/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-0152 represents a critical privilege escalation flaw within Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) running on Windows Vista SP2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 systems. This vulnerability stems from improper handling of dynamic link library (DLL) loading mechanisms within the IIS component, creating a pathway for local attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The flaw specifically exploits the manner in which IIS resolves and loads dynamic libraries, allowing malicious actors to manipulate the library loading process and subsequently execute malicious code within the context of higher-privileged processes.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability leverages the Windows DLL loading mechanism, which follows a specific search order for locating and loading dynamic libraries. When IIS processes certain requests or operations, it may inadvertently load a malicious DLL from a location that is not properly secured or validated. This occurs because the system does not adequately verify the source or integrity of libraries loaded during the IIS execution process, creating a window of opportunity for attackers to place malicious DLLs in locations that will be automatically loaded by IIS. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it operates at the system level, allowing local users to escalate their privileges from standard user accounts to SYSTEM level access, which provides complete control over the affected system.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risk to organizations as it requires only local access to exploit, making it particularly dangerous in environments where local accounts might be compromised or where attackers have already gained a foothold through other means. The privilege escalation capability means that an attacker who gains access to a local user account can potentially elevate their privileges to SYSTEM level, enabling them to access all system resources, modify critical files, install malicious software, and ultimately compromise the entire system. This vulnerability directly impacts the principle of least privilege and undermines the security model of Windows systems, as it allows local users to bypass normal access controls and escalate their privileges without requiring additional authentication or specialized attack vectors.
The mitigation strategies for CVE-2016-0152 primarily involve applying the official Microsoft security patches that address the DLL loading behavior within IIS. Organizations should prioritize immediate deployment of the relevant security updates to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. Additionally, implementing proper access controls and limiting local user privileges can help reduce the potential impact of such vulnerabilities. Security hardening measures including restricting write access to system directories, implementing application whitelisting policies, and monitoring for unusual DLL loading patterns can provide additional layers of protection. From a compliance perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-427 Uncontrolled Search Path Element, which specifically addresses issues related to insecure library loading mechanisms, and falls under ATT&CK technique T1068 Privilege Escalation through the use of local exploits to gain elevated privileges. Organizations should also consider implementing security monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous DLL loading behavior and alert security teams to potential exploitation attempts.