CVE-2016-1822 in Mac OS X
Summary
by MITRE
IOFireWireFamily in Apple OS X before 10.11.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/06/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-1822 resides within the IOFireWireFamily component of Apple's operating system, specifically affecting versions prior to macOS 10.11.5. This flaw represents a critical security issue that enables attackers to escalate privileges or disrupt system operations through malicious applications. The IOFireWireFamily serves as a kernel extension responsible for managing FireWire hardware interfaces, making it a prime target for privilege escalation attacks due to its elevated system access rights.
This vulnerability manifests as a memory corruption issue that occurs when the system processes crafted applications through the FireWire subsystem. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate memory structures within the kernel space, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution with root privileges or system crashes. The attack vector leverages the inherent trust placed in FireWire interfaces, which can be exploited even when the system is locked, as FireWire connections can bypass traditional security mechanisms. The memory corruption occurs during the processing of malformed input data within the kernel extension, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate kernel memory layouts and execute malicious code with system-level privileges.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple privilege escalation, as it can result in complete system compromise or denial of service conditions. Attackers exploiting this flaw can gain unauthorized access to sensitive system resources, potentially leading to data theft, persistent backdoor installation, or complete system control. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because FireWire interfaces are often enabled by default on many systems, and the attack can be executed without user interaction once the malicious application is loaded. This makes the exploit highly dangerous in environments where physical access to systems is possible, as attackers can leverage FireWire ports to gain root access even when the system appears secure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2016-1822 primarily focus on updating to macOS 10.11.5 or later versions where Apple has implemented proper input validation and memory management fixes. System administrators should disable FireWire interfaces when not actively required, particularly in environments where physical security cannot be guaranteed. The implementation of kernel extension quarantine mechanisms and enhanced privilege separation can help reduce the attack surface. Additionally, organizations should monitor for suspicious FireWire activity and implement network-based intrusion detection systems to identify potential exploitation attempts. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a classic example of how kernel-level memory corruption can lead to privilege escalation attacks. The flaw also correlates with ATT&CK technique T1068, which covers 'Exploitation for Privilege Escalation,' demonstrating how attackers can leverage system vulnerabilities to gain elevated system privileges through kernel exploitation. Organizations should implement comprehensive patch management processes to ensure timely deployment of security updates and maintain awareness of similar vulnerabilities in other kernel extensions that may present comparable risks.