CVE-2016-3072 in Katello
Summary
by MITRE
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the scoped_search function in app/controllers/katello/api/v2/api_controller.rb in Katello allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) sort_by or (2) sort_order parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/23/2022
The CVE-2016-3072 vulnerability represents a critical SQL injection flaw within the Katello content management system that affects the scoped_search function in the api_controller.rb file. This vulnerability exists in the API controller layer of the Katello application, specifically targeting the sorting functionality that processes user-provided parameters. The flaw allows authenticated attackers to manipulate database queries through the sort_by and sort_order parameters, creating a pathway for arbitrary SQL command execution. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it requires only authentication to exploit, meaning that any user with valid credentials can potentially access or manipulate the underlying database.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper input validation and sanitization within the scoped_search function. When the API processes sort_by and sort_order parameters, it directly incorporates user-supplied data into SQL query construction without adequate sanitization or parameterization. This pattern violates fundamental security principles and creates a classic SQL injection vector. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89, which specifically addresses SQL injection flaws where untrusted data is embedded into SQL commands. The attack surface is expanded by the fact that this occurs within an API endpoint, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges and access sensitive data through database-level manipulation.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents significant risks to organizations using Katello for content management and software distribution. The ability to execute arbitrary SQL commands means that attackers can potentially extract sensitive information, modify database records, or even escalate their privileges within the system. The authenticated nature of the exploit reduces the attack surface compared to unauthenticated vulnerabilities, but it still represents a serious threat since it allows users with legitimate access to perform malicious activities. The impact extends beyond simple data theft to include potential system compromise and data integrity violations. Organizations relying on Katello for managing their software repositories and content delivery could face severe consequences including unauthorized access to software packages, configuration data, and user information.
The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078 for valid accounts and T1046 for network service scanning, as attackers could use this vulnerability to maintain persistence and explore system capabilities. Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of the affected Katello versions, implementation of proper input validation and parameterized queries, and enforcement of principle of least privilege for API access. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls and monitoring for suspicious API activity patterns. The fix typically involves properly sanitizing user input before incorporating it into database queries and ensuring that all database interactions use parameterized statements to prevent SQL injection. Regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on input handling and database interactions are essential to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.