CVE-2016-4519 in VisiLogic OPLC IDE
Summary
by MITRE
Stack-based buffer overflow in Unitronics VisiLogic OPLC IDE before 9.8.30 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted filename field in a ZIP archive in a vlp file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/01/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-4519 represents a critical stack-based buffer overflow flaw within Unitronics VisiLogic OPLC IDE software version 9.8.29 and earlier. This vulnerability specifically affects the handling of filename fields within ZIP archives contained in vlp files, creating a remote code execution vector that adversaries can exploit from distant locations. The flaw exists in the software's decompression and file processing logic where insufficient bounds checking occurs when parsing maliciously crafted filenames, allowing attackers to overwrite adjacent stack memory locations with arbitrary data. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-121 category of stack-based buffer overflow, which is classified as a fundamental memory safety issue that has been historically exploited for privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution to encompass complete system compromise when exploited successfully. Attackers can leverage this weakness to gain unauthorized access to systems running vulnerable versions of the VisiLogic IDE, potentially leading to full system control, data exfiltration, or disruption of industrial control processes. The remote nature of the attack means that exploitation does not require physical access to the target system, making it particularly dangerous in industrial environments where such software may be exposed to untrusted networks. This vulnerability is particularly concerning in industrial control systems where the VisiLogic IDE is used for programming and configuring programmable logic controllers, as successful exploitation could lead to operational technology (OT) system compromise and potential safety hazards in manufacturing or process control environments.
The exploitation of CVE-2016-4519 follows established patterns documented in various threat actor methodologies and aligns with tactics described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the execution and privilege escalation domains. The vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with the use of malicious file formats as initial access vectors, where attackers craft specially designed ZIP archives containing malicious filenames that trigger the buffer overflow during normal software operation. This attack vector is particularly relevant to industrial environments where legacy systems may be running outdated software versions, and where network segmentation may be insufficient to prevent remote exploitation. The vulnerability's classification as remote code execution places it in the same category as other critical industrial control system vulnerabilities that have been exploited in high-profile attacks targeting critical infrastructure. Organizations should consider this vulnerability as part of their broader cybersecurity strategy for operational technology environments, particularly in sectors such as manufacturing, energy, and utilities where industrial control systems are prevalent.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2016-4519 primarily focus on updating to the patched version 9.8.30 or later, which addresses the buffer overflow issue through proper bounds checking and input validation. Additionally, network segmentation should be implemented to limit access to systems running vulnerable VisiLogic IDE software, and access controls should be enforced to prevent unauthorized users from uploading or executing potentially malicious files. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify other potential attack vectors within industrial control system environments, as this vulnerability demonstrates the importance of keeping industrial software updated and secure. The vulnerability also highlights the need for secure coding practices in industrial software development, particularly regarding memory management and input validation, which aligns with industry standards such as those outlined in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework and ISO/IEC 27001 for information security management.