CVE-2016-5941 in Kenexa LCMS Premier on Cloud
Summary
by MITRE
IBM Kenexa LMS on Cloud could allow a remote attacker to traverse directories on the system. An attacker could send a specially-crafted URL request containing dot dot sequences (/../) to view arbitrary files on the system.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/09/2020
IBM Kenexa Learning Management System on Cloud contains a directory traversal vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access files outside the intended directory structure through crafted URL requests containing dot-dot sequences. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper path handling within the application's request processing logic. The flaw enables attackers to navigate through the file system hierarchy by exploiting the lack of proper sanitization of user-supplied input that is directly incorporated into file path resolution operations. The vulnerability is classified as a directory traversal or path traversal flaw, which maps to CWE-22 in the Common Weakness Enumeration catalog and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1083 for discovering system information through directory traversal methods.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when the application processes user requests without adequately validating or sanitizing the input parameters that are used to construct file paths. When an attacker submits a URL containing sequences such as /../ or %2e%2e%2f, the application fails to properly filter or normalize these path traversal sequences, allowing them to escape the intended application directory and access arbitrary files on the underlying file system. This weakness is particularly dangerous because it can potentially expose sensitive configuration files, database credentials, application source code, and other system files that should remain protected from unauthorized access. The vulnerability affects the web application layer where user input is processed and translated into file system operations, making it a critical security concern for any system that processes external input for file access operations.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and can result in significant data breaches and system compromise. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can gain access to sensitive information including but not limited to database connection strings, application configuration files, user credentials, and potentially system-level files that could enable further exploitation. The ability to traverse directories remotely without authentication makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it can be exploited by anyone with access to the affected system. This type of vulnerability can lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the network. Organizations using IBM Kenexa LMS on Cloud are at risk of exposing confidential data and may face regulatory compliance violations if sensitive information is accessed through this vulnerability.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing proper input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the application's request handling process. Organizations should ensure that all user-supplied input is properly validated and normalized before being used in file path construction operations. This includes implementing strict filtering of path traversal sequences such as /../, /.., and their URL-encoded equivalents. The application should enforce proper access controls and implement a whitelist approach for file access operations, ensuring that only authorized files within designated directories can be accessed. Additionally, organizations should implement proper web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious patterns of directory traversal attempts. Regular security testing including automated vulnerability scanning and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify and remediate similar issues. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1083 for reconnaissance activities and should be addressed through comprehensive security controls that prevent unauthorized file system access and maintain proper input validation practices.