CVE-2016-7998 in SPIP
Summary
by MITRE
The SPIP template composer/compiler in SPIP 3.1.2 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading an HTML file with a crafted (1) INCLUDE or (2) INCLURE tag and then accessing it with a valider_xml action.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/13/2026
The vulnerability CVE-2016-7998 represents a critical server-side code execution flaw in the SPIP content management system, specifically within its template composer and compiler components. This vulnerability affects versions 3.1.2 and earlier, making it a significant concern for organizations relying on these older releases. The issue stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the template processing system, which fails to properly handle maliciously crafted template tags that can be embedded within uploaded HTML files.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through a carefully crafted attack vector involving two specific template tags: INCLUDE and INCLURE. These tags are designed for template inclusion functionality but become dangerous when manipulated by authenticated attackers who possess valid credentials. When an attacker uploads an HTML file containing these malicious tags, the SPIP system processes them without adequate security checks, leading to arbitrary PHP code execution on the server. The vulnerability is particularly insidious because it leverages legitimate template processing functionality to achieve unauthorized code execution, making it difficult to detect through standard security monitoring.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple code execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected server. Once exploited, attackers can access sensitive data, modify content, install backdoors, and potentially use the compromised system as a launching point for further attacks within the network. The authenticated nature of the attack means that attackers do not need to be anonymous, as they can use legitimate user accounts to upload malicious files. This makes the vulnerability particularly dangerous in environments where multiple users have access to the system, as any compromised account can be used to exploit this weakness.
This vulnerability maps directly to CWE-94, which describes "Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')" and aligns with ATT&CK techniques including T1059.007 for "Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell" and T1505.003 for "Server Software Component: Web Shell." The attack chain involves initial access through authenticated user credentials, followed by template manipulation and code execution. Organizations should prioritize immediate patching of affected systems, as the vulnerability does not require special privileges beyond normal user access. Additionally, implementing proper input validation, restricting file upload capabilities, and monitoring for unusual template processing activities can help mitigate the risk. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of secure template processing and the need for robust sanitization of user-supplied content in web applications, particularly those with template-based functionality.