CVE-2017-18009 in OpenCV
Summary
by MITRE
In OpenCV 3.3.1, a heap-based buffer over-read exists in the function cv::HdrDecoder::checkSignature in modules/imgcodecs/src/grfmt_hdr.cpp.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/19/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-18009 represents a critical heap-based buffer over-read condition within the OpenCV library version 3.3.1. This flaw specifically affects the cv::HdrDecoder::checkSignature function located in the modules/imgcodecs/src/grfmt_hdr.cpp file, which is responsible for processing High Dynamic Range image format files. The issue arises when the library attempts to parse malformed or specially crafted HDR image files, creating a scenario where memory operations exceed the boundaries of allocated heap buffers.
This vulnerability falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category CWE-125, which describes "Out-of-bounds Read" conditions where programs access memory locations beyond the intended buffer boundaries. The technical implementation involves the HDR decoder attempting to read signature bytes from image headers without proper bounds checking, allowing attackers to manipulate the parsing process through carefully constructed input files. When the decoder encounters unexpected data patterns in the header structure, it continues reading beyond the allocated memory regions, potentially exposing sensitive data or causing application instability.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service scenarios, as it creates potential attack vectors for remote code execution or information disclosure when OpenCV is used in applications processing untrusted image data. Systems utilizing OpenCV for image processing, including security cameras, medical imaging software, and computer vision applications, become vulnerable when they process HDR files from unknown sources. The over-read condition could lead to memory corruption that might be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary code, particularly when the affected library is used in web applications or server-side image processing pipelines. This vulnerability is particularly concerning in environments where automated image processing is performed on user-uploaded content or data from external sources without proper validation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2017-18009 primarily involve upgrading to patched versions of OpenCV where the buffer over-read has been addressed through proper bounds checking and input validation. Organizations should implement strict input validation protocols for all image file processing, including MIME type checking and file format verification before processing. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under the technique T1203, "Exploitation for Client Execution," as it represents a potential vector for executing malicious code through image file manipulation. Security teams should also consider implementing sandboxing mechanisms for image processing operations and monitoring for unusual memory access patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, network segmentation and access controls should be enforced to limit exposure of systems running vulnerable OpenCV versions, particularly in environments handling untrusted image content.