CVE-2017-18405 in cPanel
Summary
by MITRE
cPanel before 68.0.15 allows arbitrary file-read operations because of the backup .htaccess modification logic (SEC-345).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/18/2020
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-18405 represents a critical security flaw in cPanel versions prior to 68.0.15 that enables unauthorized file read operations through a flaw in the backup .htaccess modification logic. This issue falls under the category of insecure direct object reference vulnerabilities and can be classified as CWE-22 according to the Common Weakness Enumeration standards. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and access control mechanisms within the backup functionality of the cPanel administrative interface.
The technical flaw manifests when the system processes backup operations and modifies .htaccess files without proper validation of file paths or access permissions. Attackers can exploit this weakness to read arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the backup process parameters. The vulnerability specifically affects the backup module's handling of .htaccess files during backup operations, allowing unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, and potentially user information. This occurs because the system fails to properly sanitize or validate the file paths used in the backup process, creating a pathway for privilege escalation and information disclosure.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it can lead to complete system compromise when exploited by malicious actors. An attacker with access to the cPanel interface can potentially read critical system files including password hashes, database credentials, configuration files, and other sensitive data that could facilitate further attacks. The vulnerability can be exploited to gain insights into the system architecture and identify additional attack vectors. This type of information disclosure threat aligns with ATT&CK technique T1083 (File and Directory Discovery) and can enable more sophisticated attacks such as credential theft and lateral movement within the compromised environment.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability include immediate upgrade to cPanel version 68.0.15 or later where the issue has been patched. Organizations should also implement additional security controls such as restricting access to cPanel administrative interfaces through network segmentation, implementing strong authentication mechanisms, and monitoring backup operations for suspicious activity. The patch addresses the underlying .htaccess modification logic by introducing proper input validation and access control checks that prevent unauthorized file access during backup operations. Regular security audits of backup processes and file access controls should be conducted to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in other system components.