CVE-2017-2111 in TS-WPTCAM
Summary
by MITRE
HTTP header injection vulnerability in TS-WPTCAM firmware version 1.18 and earlier, TS-WPTCAM2 firmware version 1.00, TS-WLCE firmware version 1.18 and earlier, TS-WLC2 firmware version 1.18 and earlier, TS-WRLC firmware version 1.17 and earlier, TS-PTCAM firmware version 1.18 and earlier, TS-PTCAM/POE firmware version 1.18 and earlier may allow a remote attackers to display false information.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/21/2020
This HTTP header injection vulnerability exists within multiple TS-WPTCAM and related firmware versions, representing a critical security flaw that enables remote attackers to manipulate HTTP response headers. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization within the firmware's web server implementation, allowing malicious actors to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into responses. This weakness specifically affects devices running firmware versions 1.18 and earlier for TS-WPTCAM, TS-WLCE, TS-WLC2, and TS-WRLC models, as well as TS-PTCAM and TS-PTCAM/POE versions up to 1.18. The flaw operates by permitting unfiltered user-supplied data to be directly incorporated into HTTP headers without proper sanitization, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate browser behavior and inject malicious content.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability follows established patterns for HTTP header injection attacks, where attackers can manipulate headers such as location, content-type, or cache-control to redirect users to malicious sites or inject false content. This type of vulnerability maps directly to CWE-113, which describes improper neutralization of CRLF characters in HTTP headers, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.004 for application layer protocol manipulation. The impact extends beyond simple information display manipulation to potentially enable more sophisticated attacks including cross-site scripting, session hijacking, or redirection to malicious content that could compromise user systems. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to create false web pages, redirect users to phishing sites, or manipulate browser caching behavior to serve malicious content.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant for organizations deploying these network devices, as it provides remote attackers with the capability to compromise user trust and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Devices affected by this vulnerability are typically deployed in network infrastructure roles where they handle user authentication and access control, making the potential for privilege escalation and data compromise more severe. The vulnerability's remote nature means attackers do not require physical access or network proximity to exploit the flaw, making it particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where these devices may be accessible from external networks. Organizations using affected firmware versions face potential exposure to man-in-the-middle attacks, credential theft, and unauthorized access to network resources through the manipulation of HTTP headers.
Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate firmware updates to versions that address the HTTP header injection vulnerability, with particular attention to the specific firmware versions mentioned in the CVE. Network administrators should implement network segmentation to limit access to affected devices, employ web application firewalls to monitor and filter HTTP header content, and conduct thorough vulnerability assessments to identify all potentially affected devices within the network infrastructure. The remediation process should include verifying that firmware updates properly address the root cause by testing header injection scenarios and ensuring that all HTTP response headers are properly sanitized. Additionally, implementing proper input validation mechanisms and following secure coding practices for HTTP header handling should be prioritized in any future development or maintenance of similar network infrastructure components. Organizations should also consider implementing monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous HTTP header patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts, as this vulnerability can be used to establish persistent malicious presence within the network infrastructure.