CVE-2017-2812 in Kakadu
Summary
by MITRE
A code execution vulnerability exists in the kdu_buffered_expand function of the Kakadu SDK 7.9. A specially crafted JPEG 2000 file can be read by the program and can lead to an out of bounds write causing an exploitable condition to arise.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/07/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-2812 represents a critical code execution flaw within the Kakadu SDK version 7.9, specifically within the kdu_buffered_expand function. This issue arises from improper memory management during the processing of JPEG 2000 image files, creating a pathway for remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The vulnerability stems from the SDK's failure to properly validate buffer boundaries when handling compressed image data, particularly in scenarios involving malformed or crafted input files that manipulate memory allocation patterns.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through a carefully constructed JPEG 2000 file that triggers an out-of-bounds write condition within the kdu_buffered_expand function. When the SDK processes such malicious input, the function fails to perform adequate bounds checking on buffer operations, allowing an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory locations with controlled data. This memory corruption leads to unpredictable program behavior and provides a potential entry point for arbitrary code execution. The flaw specifically manifests during the decompression process where the SDK attempts to expand buffered image data, creating a scenario where attacker-controlled input can influence memory layout and execution flow.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to organizations that rely on Kakadu SDK for image processing applications, particularly those handling untrusted JPEG 2000 files from external sources. The out-of-bounds write condition can be leveraged to achieve remote code execution, potentially allowing attackers to gain full system control, escalate privileges, or establish persistent access to affected systems. The impact extends beyond individual applications to entire network infrastructures, as the vulnerability can be exploited through web applications, file processing services, or any system that utilizes the vulnerable SDK components for image handling operations.
Security professionals should consider this vulnerability in the context of CWE-121, which addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and CWE-787, which covers out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities. The attack vector aligns with ATT&CK techniques involving remote code execution through software vulnerabilities, specifically targeting application-level exploits that manipulate memory corruption conditions. Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including patching to the latest SDK versions, input validation controls, and network segmentation to limit exposure. Additionally, monitoring for suspicious file processing activities and implementing sandboxing mechanisms for image handling operations can help reduce the attack surface and prevent successful exploitation attempts.