CVE-2017-2876 in C1 Indoor HD Camera
Summary
by MITRE
An exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Multi-Camera interface used by the Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera running application firmware 2.52.2.43. A specially crafted request on port 10000 can cause a buffer overflow resulting in overwriting arbitrary data.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/17/2023
The vulnerability described in CVE-2017-2876 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera's multi-camera interface implementation. This device operates with firmware version 2.52.2.43 and exposes its vulnerable service on TCP port 10000, making it accessible to remote attackers who can craft malicious requests to exploit this weakness. The buffer overflow occurs when processing specially crafted network requests, allowing an attacker to overwrite memory locations beyond the allocated buffer boundaries. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-121, which specifically addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a fundamental security flaw that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it enables remote code execution without requiring authentication, making it a severe threat to IoT device security.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability stems from improper input validation within the camera's network service implementation. When the device receives a malformed request on port 10000, the parsing routine fails to properly bounds-check the incoming data before copying it into a fixed-size buffer. This allows an attacker to overflow the buffer and overwrite adjacent memory locations including return addresses, function pointers, or other critical control data. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which covers legitimate programs that can be used to perform remote code execution through buffer overflow attacks. The specific nature of this flaw means that successful exploitation could potentially allow attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the camera's operating system process, potentially leading to full device compromise and network infiltration.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple device compromise to encompass broader network security implications. Once an attacker gains control of the camera, they can leverage it as a foothold for further network exploration and lateral movement within the local network. The compromised camera could serve as a pivot point for attacking other connected devices or as a command and control node for distributed attacks. This vulnerability particularly affects enterprise and residential networks where IoT devices are deployed without proper segmentation or monitoring. The attack surface is widened by the fact that the vulnerability affects a device running a relatively old firmware version, indicating that many installations may remain unpatched. Organizations should consider this vulnerability in their risk assessments for IoT security, particularly when implementing security controls that rely on device integrity and network segmentation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2017-2876 should focus on immediate firmware updates from Foscam, which would address the buffer overflow through proper input validation and bounds checking mechanisms. Network segmentation through firewalls and access control lists can prevent unauthorized access to port 10000, effectively blocking remote exploitation attempts. Implementing network monitoring and intrusion detection systems can help identify suspicious traffic patterns associated with exploitation attempts. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of secure coding practices and regular security assessments for IoT devices. Organizations should consider implementing device inventory management to identify all connected cameras and ensure they are running supported firmware versions. Additionally, regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other networked devices. The remediation process should also include disabling unnecessary network services and implementing strong authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to camera interfaces.