CVE-2017-2878 in C1 Indoor HD Camera
Summary
by MITRE
An exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web management interface used by the Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera running application firmware 2.52.2.43. A specially crafted HTTP request can cause a buffer overflow resulting in overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker can simply send an HTTP request to the device to trigger this vulnerability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/17/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-2878 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the web management interface of Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera devices operating under firmware version 2.52.2.43. This issue resides in the device's HTTP request handling mechanism, where insufficient input validation allows malicious actors to craft specially formatted requests that exceed allocated buffer boundaries. The flaw manifests when the device processes HTTP requests through its web interface, creating an opportunity for arbitrary code execution and system compromise. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it requires no authentication or specialized privileges to exploit, making it accessible to any attacker who can reach the device's network interface. The buffer overflow occurs during the processing of user-supplied data within the web server component, where string handling functions fail to properly validate input length before copying data into fixed-size buffers.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes buffer overflow conditions where insufficient boundary checking allows data to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The attack vector is straightforward and operates over the network using standard HTTP protocols, eliminating the need for physical access or complex exploitation techniques. The flaw enables attackers to overwrite critical memory segments including return addresses and function pointers, potentially allowing for complete system compromise. According to the ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services, as it exploits a service running on a network accessible port. The device's web management interface becomes the primary attack surface where malicious HTTP requests can be crafted to overwrite memory in a controlled manner, potentially leading to privilege escalation or arbitrary code execution.
The operational impact of CVE-2017-2878 extends beyond simple device compromise, as it provides attackers with persistent access to networked environments where these cameras are deployed. The vulnerability enables attackers to gain unauthorized access to the camera's internal systems, potentially allowing them to view live video feeds, modify device settings, or use the compromised device as a pivot point for further network exploration. The lack of authentication requirements means that any device connected to the internet with the vulnerable firmware becomes immediately accessible to attackers. Organizations using these devices in corporate or residential environments face significant security risks, as the compromised cameras can serve as persistent backdoors or be used for reconnaissance activities. The vulnerability also affects the integrity of the device's security model, as it bypasses any built-in authentication mechanisms and allows for complete system control through simple network requests.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require immediate firmware updates from Foscam to address the buffer overflow condition in the web management interface. Network administrators should implement strict firewall rules to restrict access to the camera's web management ports, particularly when these devices are deployed in public network environments. The principle of least privilege should be applied by ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to the camera's management interface, and that all access occurs through secure channels such as VPN connections. Additionally, network monitoring should be implemented to detect unusual HTTP traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of secure coding practices, particularly in embedded systems where buffer overflow conditions can be exploited to gain complete system control. Organizations should also consider implementing network segmentation to isolate security-critical devices and reduce the potential impact of successful exploitation. Regular security audits and firmware update procedures should be established to ensure that known vulnerabilities are promptly addressed and that devices remain protected against emerging threats.