CVE-2018-0778 in Edge
Summary
by MITRE
Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 1709 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0758, CVE-2018-0762, CVE-2018-0768, CVE-2018-0769, CVE-2018-0770, CVE-2018-0772, CVE-2018-0773, CVE-2018-0774, CVE-2018-0775, CVE-2018-0776, CVE-2018-0777, and CVE-2018-0781.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/28/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2018-0778 represents a critical memory corruption flaw within Microsoft Edge's scripting engine that affects Windows 10 version 1709. This vulnerability operates at a fundamental level where the JavaScript engine fails to properly manage memory objects during execution, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate memory contents and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the currently logged-in user. The flaw specifically manifests when the scripting engine processes certain objects in memory, leading to unpredictable behavior that can be exploited through malicious web content or crafted scripts.
From a technical perspective, this vulnerability falls under the CWE-125 vulnerability category, which describes "Out-of-bounds Read" conditions that can occur when a program reads data past the end of a valid buffer. The memory corruption vulnerability in Edge's scripting engine allows attackers to manipulate memory pointers and object references, potentially leading to code execution. The attack vector typically involves delivering malicious JavaScript code through web pages or email attachments that, when executed by the vulnerable Edge browser, triggers the memory corruption. This creates a pathway for attackers to escalate privileges and gain unauthorized access to system resources.
The operational impact of CVE-2018-0778 is significant as it enables attackers to perform remote code execution without requiring elevated privileges, making it particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where users may browse untrusted websites or open malicious attachments. The vulnerability's exploitation can lead to complete system compromise, data theft, and persistent backdoor installation. Security researchers have mapped this vulnerability to ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which covers "Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript," as attackers leverage JavaScript to exploit the memory corruption and execute malicious payloads. The vulnerability affects all versions of Windows 10 1709 and potentially earlier versions, making it a widespread concern for organizations running affected systems.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate deployment of Microsoft's security patches and updates, which address the memory handling flaws in the Edge browser's scripting engine. Organizations should implement browser hardening measures such as disabling unnecessary JavaScript features, implementing content security policies, and using sandboxing techniques to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help identify and block malicious traffic targeting this vulnerability. Additionally, user education regarding safe browsing practices and the importance of keeping systems updated remains crucial in defending against this type of attack. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of regular security assessments and maintaining up-to-date security controls to protect against similar memory corruption issues that may arise in other software components.