CVE-2018-1004 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the VBScript engine handles objects in memory, aka "Windows VBScript Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Internet Explorer 9, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/09/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2018-1004 represents a critical remote code execution flaw within the Windows VBScript engine component that has far-reaching implications for system security across multiple Windows operating systems. This vulnerability specifically targets the manner in which the VBScript engine manages objects in memory, creating a pathway for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows versions including Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Internet Explorer 9, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows 10, making it particularly dangerous due to its widespread impact across different platform versions. The vulnerability operates through the exploitation of memory handling mechanisms within the VBScript engine, where improper object management creates opportunities for attackers to inject and execute malicious code remotely. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-119 category of "Improper Access to Memory" and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.005 for 'Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic', highlighting the specific attack vector targeting scripting engines.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when a maliciously crafted webpage or document containing VBScript code is accessed by an affected system, typically through Internet Explorer or other applications that utilize the VBScript engine. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate memory objects in ways that bypass normal security restrictions, enabling them to execute code with the privileges of the current user. This remote code execution capability means that attackers can potentially install malware, steal sensitive data, or establish persistent access to compromised systems without requiring local system access or user interaction beyond visiting a malicious website. The vulnerability's impact is exacerbated by the fact that the VBScript engine is deeply integrated into Windows operating systems and web browsers, making it difficult to isolate or disable without affecting legitimate functionality. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability through various delivery mechanisms including malicious websites, phishing emails with embedded scripts, or compromised web applications that trigger the vulnerable VBScript engine components.
The operational impact of CVE-2018-1004 extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass potential privilege escalation and persistent system compromise. Once exploited, the vulnerability allows attackers to perform actions that could lead to complete system compromise, including installing backdoors, modifying system files, and accessing sensitive information stored on the affected systems. The vulnerability's presence in Internet Explorer makes it particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where browser-based attacks are common, as users may unknowingly visit compromised websites that trigger the exploit. Organizations with legacy systems running older Windows versions may face significant security risks, as many of these systems continue to operate without proper patching. The vulnerability also impacts the broader Windows ecosystem by potentially allowing attackers to establish footholds that can be used for lateral movement within networks, making it a valuable target for advanced persistent threat actors. Security teams must consider the vulnerability's implications for incident response procedures and the need for comprehensive monitoring of system behavior following exploitation attempts. The vulnerability's classification under the ATT&CK framework as a command and scripting interpreter attack demonstrates how attackers can leverage the scripting capabilities of Windows systems to bypass traditional security controls. Organizations should implement layered security approaches including web application firewalls, browser hardening measures, and regular patch management to mitigate the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability's widespread impact across multiple Windows versions underscores the importance of maintaining current security patches and implementing network segmentation to limit the potential damage from successful exploitation attempts.