CVE-2018-10054 in H2
Summary
by MITRE
H2 1.4.197, as used in Datomic before 0.9.5697 and other products, allows remote code execution because CREATE ALIAS can execute arbitrary Java code.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/27/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2018-10054 represents a critical remote code execution flaw within the H2 database engine version 1.4.197, which was prominently affecting Datomic versions prior to 0.9.5697. This vulnerability stems from the dangerous implementation of the CREATE ALIAS functionality within the H2 database system, which permits the creation of database aliases that can execute arbitrary Java code. The flaw exists in the database's ability to dynamically load and execute code through database commands, creating a pathway for malicious actors to gain unauthorized access and control over systems running vulnerable versions of the database engine.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the CREATE ALIAS SQL command which allows attackers to define database aliases that reference Java classes. When these aliases are invoked, the underlying Java code executes with the privileges of the database user, potentially enabling full system compromise. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-471, which deals with the incorrect handling of a control element, specifically the improper handling of SQL commands that can lead to code execution. The flaw demonstrates a classic case of insufficient input validation and privilege escalation, where database commands are not properly sanitized before execution.
The operational impact of CVE-2018-10054 extends beyond simple data compromise to encompass complete system takeover capabilities. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the database server, potentially leading to data theft, system modification, or even lateral movement within network environments. The vulnerability affects not only Datomic installations but also any application that utilizes H2 database engine versions 1.4.197 or earlier, making it particularly widespread across various enterprise environments. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which covers the execution of commands through database shells, and represents a significant threat vector for attackers seeking persistent access to database environments.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including upgrading to H2 database versions that address this vulnerability, specifically version 1.4.198 or later where the dangerous CREATE ALIAS functionality has been properly restricted. Database administrators should also implement strict access controls and privilege management, ensuring that database users have the minimum necessary permissions to prevent unauthorized alias creation. Network segmentation and monitoring of database traffic can help detect anomalous SQL command execution patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be conducted to identify any remaining instances of vulnerable H2 database installations within the enterprise infrastructure, as this vulnerability can remain undetected for extended periods and represents a persistent threat to database security.