CVE-2018-11094 in NCLOUD 300
Summary
by MITRE
An issue was discovered on Intelbras NCLOUD 300 1.0 devices. /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh, /goform/updateWPS, /goform/RebootSystem, and /goform/vpnBasicSettings do not require authentication. For example, when an HTTP POST request is made to /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh, the username, password, and other details are retrieved.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/21/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2018-11094 affects Intelbras NCLOUD 300 1.0 network devices and represents a critical authentication bypass flaw that exposes sensitive system functions to unauthenticated attackers. This issue stems from improper access control implementation within the device's web interface, specifically targeting four distinct CGI scripts that handle critical system operations. The affected endpoints include /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh, /goform/updateWPS, /goform/RebootSystem, and /goform/vpnBasicSettings, all of which operate without requiring any form of authentication verification. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute unauthorized operations by simply sending HTTP POST requests to these unprotected endpoints, fundamentally undermining the device's security posture and creating multiple attack vectors for malicious actors.
The technical flaw manifests as a classic lack of authentication controls within the web application layer of the network device, which directly maps to CWE-287 - Improper Authentication. This weakness enables attackers to bypass the normal authentication mechanisms that should protect access to sensitive system functions. When an attacker sends a POST request to /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh, the system returns administrative credentials, system configurations, and other sensitive information without requiring any valid authentication tokens or credentials. The vulnerability exists because the device's web server fails to implement proper session management or authentication checks before executing privileged operations, allowing any remote user to access critical system settings and retrieve confidential data through simple HTTP requests.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted, creating significant risks for network security and system integrity. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability can perform system-wide operations including exporting complete system configurations, modifying WPS settings, rebooting the device, and configuring VPN parameters without authorization. The exposure of administrative credentials through the ExportSettings.sh endpoint provides attackers with full access to the device's management interface, potentially enabling them to modify network configurations, install malicious firmware, or establish persistent access points. The ability to reboot the system remotely could also be used for denial-of-service attacks, while the VPN configuration settings could be modified to redirect network traffic through attacker-controlled servers, creating potential for man-in-the-middle attacks and data exfiltration.
This vulnerability aligns with several ATT&CK framework techniques including T1078 - Valid Accounts for maintaining persistence, T1046 - Network Service Scanning for identifying vulnerable systems, and T1566 - Phishing for initial access. The lack of authentication requirements makes this system particularly vulnerable to automated scanning and exploitation tools that can identify and exploit such weaknesses at scale. Organizations using Intelbras NCLOUD 300 devices face significant risk of unauthorized access, configuration changes, and potential compromise of their entire network infrastructure. The vulnerability affects not just individual device security but also broader network security posture, as compromised devices can serve as entry points for lateral movement within corporate networks. The exposure of sensitive configuration data through the ExportSettings.sh endpoint could reveal network topology, device configurations, and other information valuable for advanced persistent threat actors.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate implementation of network segmentation to isolate affected devices from critical network segments, deployment of network access controls to restrict access to these specific endpoints, and application of firmware updates from Intelbras when available. Network administrators should implement web application firewalls to block access to the vulnerable CGI endpoints and consider disabling unnecessary services and ports to reduce the attack surface. The device should be configured to use strong authentication mechanisms and encrypted communication protocols where possible. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be conducted to identify similar authentication bypass vulnerabilities in other network devices and systems. Additionally, organizations should implement monitoring solutions to detect and alert on suspicious access patterns to these vulnerable endpoints, as well as establish incident response procedures for rapid containment and remediation of such security breaches.