CVE-2018-11907 in Android
Summary
by MITRE
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /firmware/ which presents a potential issue.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/11/2023
This vulnerability exists in Android implementations based on the Linux kernel from Qualcomm Aerospace and Mobile Solutions, affecting multiple Android variants including MSM Android, Firefox OS for MSM, and QRD Android. The core issue stems from inadequate access control mechanisms that permit unauthorized execution of device nodes and binaries from the /firmware/ directory. This represents a critical security flaw that undermines the principle of least privilege and proper file system permissions. The vulnerability allows malicious actors to potentially execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges by leveraging the improper access controls that govern the firmware directory. The /firmware/ path typically contains critical system components and drivers that should be protected from unauthorized modification or execution. Attackers can exploit this weakness by placing malicious executables or device node descriptors in this location, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the Linux kernel's handling of device node permissions and file system access controls within the firmware directory structure. When the system initializes or loads firmware components, it fails to properly validate the ownership and permissions of files located in /firmware/, creating a pathway for privilege escalation attacks. This flaw can be categorized under CWE-276, which deals with incorrect permissions for critical resources, and specifically relates to improper access control mechanisms. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it operates at the kernel level where the system's core security policies are enforced, making it difficult to detect and remediate through traditional application-level security measures.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple privilege escalation to encompass full system compromise and potential data exfiltration. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can gain root access to the device, enabling them to modify system files, install persistent backdoors, or extract sensitive user data. The attack surface is particularly concerning for mobile devices where personal information, financial data, and corporate secrets are stored. This vulnerability directly relates to ATT&CK technique T1068, which involves local privilege escalation through kernel exploits, and T1547, which covers boot or logon initialization scripts and programs. The implications are severe for enterprise environments where mobile devices are used for business operations, as compromised devices can serve as entry points for broader network infiltration attacks.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require immediate patching of the affected kernel versions through official security updates provided by device manufacturers. Organizations should implement comprehensive firmware integrity checking mechanisms and monitor the /firmware/ directory for unauthorized modifications. System administrators should conduct regular security audits to verify proper file permissions and access controls, particularly focusing on the firmware directory structure. Additionally, implementing runtime protection mechanisms such as kernel module signing and secure boot processes can help prevent unauthorized code execution. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper access control implementation in embedded systems and mobile platforms, emphasizing the need for robust security practices throughout the development lifecycle. Device manufacturers should also consider implementing additional security layers such as mandatory access controls and privilege separation mechanisms to reduce the attack surface and prevent similar issues in future implementations.