CVE-2018-14259 in Foxit
Summary
by MITRE
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.1049. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the getPageNthWordQuads method. By performing actions in JavaScript, an attacker can trigger a type confusion condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-6022.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/11/2020
CVE-2018-14259 represents a critical type confusion vulnerability within Foxit Reader version 9.0.1.1049 that enables remote code execution under specific conditions. This vulnerability resides in the getPageNthWordQuads method, which is part of the PDF rendering engine's JavaScript execution environment. The flaw manifests when the application processes malformed JavaScript code that triggers a type confusion condition, allowing an attacker to manipulate memory operations through improper type handling. The vulnerability requires user interaction to be exploited, meaning that a victim must either visit a malicious webpage or open a specially crafted PDF file containing the malicious JavaScript payload. This attack vector aligns with common web-based exploitation techniques and represents a classic example of a client-side vulnerability that can be leveraged for remote compromise.
The technical nature of this vulnerability falls under CWE-128, which describes "Wrap-around Error" and more specifically relates to type confusion issues where the application incorrectly handles data types during memory operations. When JavaScript code executes within the Foxit Reader environment, the getPageNthWordQuads method fails to properly validate or handle different data types, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate the application's memory layout. This type confusion allows attackers to overwrite critical memory locations with malicious code, effectively enabling arbitrary code execution within the context of the Foxit Reader process. The vulnerability essentially allows attackers to bypass normal memory protection mechanisms and execute code with the privileges of the current user, making it particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where PDF readers are frequently used.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents significant risk to organizations that rely on Foxit Reader for document processing and viewing. The requirement for user interaction means that successful exploitation typically occurs through social engineering campaigns targeting specific users or organizations. Attackers can craft malicious PDF documents or web pages that appear legitimate, tricking users into opening them. Once executed, the vulnerability allows full control over the affected system, enabling data exfiltration, persistence mechanisms, and further lateral movement within the network. The impact extends beyond individual user compromise to potentially affect entire organizational networks, especially when users frequently process documents from external sources or untrusted websites. This vulnerability also aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which covers "Exploitation for Client Execution" and represents a common attack pattern used in targeted campaigns.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2018-14259 should include immediate patching of Foxit Reader installations to the latest versions that contain fixes for this vulnerability. Organizations should also implement strict content filtering and sandboxing measures for PDF documents, particularly those received from external sources. Network-based protections such as web application firewalls and content inspection systems can help detect and block malicious PDF files before they reach users. User education and awareness programs should emphasize the dangers of opening unexpected PDF files or visiting untrusted websites. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing privileged access controls and monitoring for suspicious process execution patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the importance of keeping document processing software up to date and maintaining comprehensive security policies for handling external documents. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing should include evaluation of PDF reader security to identify similar type confusion issues that might exist in other components of the application stack.