CVE-2019-12299 in Centraleyezer
Summary
by MITRE
Sandline Centraleyezer (On Premises) allows Stored XSS using HTML entities in the name field of the Category section.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/23/2024
The vulnerability CVE-2019-12299 represents a critical stored cross-site scripting flaw within Sandline Centraleyezer on-premises software that enables attackers to execute malicious scripts in the context of authenticated users. This vulnerability specifically affects the Category section of the application where users can input data into the name field, making it susceptible to persistent XSS attacks. The flaw arises from inadequate input validation and output encoding mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied data before it is stored and subsequently rendered back to users. The affected system processes HTML entities within the name field without sufficient sanitization, allowing attackers to inject malicious payloads that persist in the database and execute whenever the affected page is loaded.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from CWE-79, which categorizes cross-site scripting as a result of insufficient input validation and output encoding. The attack vector specifically targets the Category management functionality where user inputs are not properly escaped or validated before being stored in the backend database. When an attacker crafts a malicious payload containing HTML entities and submits it through the name field, the system stores this data without proper sanitization. Subsequently, when other users view the category listing or related pages, the stored malicious content executes in their browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or redirection to malicious sites. This vulnerability operates under the ATT&CK framework's technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter and T1566 for phishing, as it enables attackers to establish persistent access through client-side exploitation.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it provides attackers with a persistent foothold within the target environment. Once an attacker successfully injects malicious code through the Category name field, they can leverage this access to perform various malicious activities including but not limited to stealing user session cookies, redirecting victims to phishing pages, or executing further malicious payloads. The stored nature of this vulnerability means that the malicious code remains active even after the initial injection, allowing attackers to maintain access over extended periods. The vulnerability affects all users who have access to the Category management functionality, potentially compromising administrators, regular users, or any authenticated personnel who interact with the affected pages. This creates a significant risk for organizations relying on Centraleyezer for security monitoring and threat analysis, as compromised systems could lead to complete lateral movement within the network.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-12299 must address both immediate remediation and long-term prevention measures. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and output encoding mechanisms that sanitize all user-supplied data before storage, particularly focusing on HTML entities and script tags. The system should employ proper HTML escaping techniques using libraries such as OWASP Java HTML Sanitizer or similar security-focused tools. Additionally, implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can provide an additional layer of protection by restricting the sources from which scripts can be executed. Regular security testing including dynamic application security testing (DAST) and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other input fields. The vulnerability highlights the importance of following secure coding practices and adhering to OWASP Top Ten security guidelines, particularly focusing on input validation and output encoding. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block XSS attack patterns, while maintaining regular patch management processes to ensure timely remediation of discovered vulnerabilities.