CVE-2019-12311 in Centraleyezer
Summary
by MITRE
Sandline Centraleyezer (On Premises) allows Unrestricted File Upload leading to Stored XSS. An HTML page running a script could be uploaded to the server. When a victim tries to download a CISO Report template, the script is loaded.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/23/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-12311 affects Sandline Centraleyezer On Premises software, representing a critical security flaw that enables unauthorized file upload capabilities. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the application's file handling processes. The flaw allows malicious actors to upload arbitrary files, including HTML pages containing malicious scripts, to the server's file system without proper restrictions or validation.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves a lack of proper file type checking and content validation during the upload process. When users attempt to upload files through the Centraleyezer interface, the system fails to adequately verify the file extensions, MIME types, or actual content of uploaded files. This oversight creates an unrestricted file upload condition that directly maps to CWE-434, which describes the weakness of allowing files to be uploaded to a web application without proper validation. The vulnerability specifically enables stored cross-site scripting attacks by permitting the upload of HTML files containing malicious JavaScript code that executes in the context of other users' browsers.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted. When victims attempt to download CISO Report templates, the malicious HTML files that were uploaded are served back to them, executing the embedded scripts in their browsers. This creates a persistent threat vector where attackers can establish long-term access to compromised user sessions, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability leverages the principle of stored XSS as defined in the OWASP Top Ten, where malicious scripts are stored on the server and executed when legitimate users access the affected application. The attack chain typically involves initial compromise through file upload, followed by victim interaction with the malicious content during normal application usage patterns.
The exploitation of this vulnerability aligns with several ATT&CK techniques including T1059.007 for script execution and T1566 for phishing attacks. The attack surface is particularly concerning because it requires minimal user interaction beyond normal application usage, making it difficult to detect and prevent. The vulnerability affects the application's integrity and confidentiality by allowing persistent malicious code execution, potentially leading to data exfiltration, session hijacking, or further lateral movement within the network. Organizations using Centraleyezer On Premises are particularly vulnerable because the software is designed for security operations and monitoring, making it a prime target for attackers seeking to establish persistent access to critical infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing strict file validation mechanisms, including MIME type checking, file extension restrictions, and content analysis to prevent the upload of executable or scriptable files. Organizations should deploy web application firewalls to monitor and filter suspicious file uploads, while also implementing proper input sanitization and output encoding techniques. The application should enforce strict access controls and file permissions to limit the impact of any successful exploitation attempts. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities, while also ensuring that all software components are kept up to date with the latest security patches. Additionally, user education and awareness programs should be implemented to help identify potential social engineering attempts that might lead to exploitation of this vulnerability.