CVE-2019-19366 in FusionPBX
Summary
by MITRE
A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in app/xml_cdr/xml_cdr_search.php in FusionPBX 4.4.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the redirect parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/05/2024
This cross-site scripting vulnerability exists within the FusionPBX 4.4.1 web application, specifically in the xml_cdr_search.php file which handles call detail record searching functionality. The flaw manifests when the application fails to properly sanitize or escape user input received through the redirect parameter, allowing malicious actors to inject arbitrary HTML or JavaScript code into the application's response. This vulnerability falls under the CWE-79 category of Cross-Site Scripting, which represents one of the most prevalent and dangerous web application security flaws. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it enables remote code execution through web-based payloads that can be triggered when unsuspecting users navigate to maliciously crafted URLs.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates a classic output encoding failure where the application directly incorporates user-supplied data from the redirect parameter into the HTTP response without appropriate sanitization measures. When a victim accesses a malicious URL containing crafted script code within the redirect parameter, the application processes this input and reflects it back to the user's browser, executing the injected payload in the context of the victim's session. This behavior creates a persistent threat that can be exploited to hijack user sessions, steal sensitive information, or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and requires no special privileges to exploit, making it particularly dangerous for widespread impact.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script injection, as it can enable sophisticated attack chains that leverage the XSS flaw for more advanced exploitation techniques. Attackers can craft malicious payloads that steal session cookies, redirect users to phishing sites, or even inject malicious scripts that can persist across multiple user sessions. The vulnerability affects all users of FusionPBX 4.4.1 who interact with the xml_cdr_search.php functionality, potentially compromising the entire system if attackers can leverage the XSS to escalate privileges or gain deeper access to underlying infrastructure. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, where adversaries use JavaScript to execute malicious commands within the victim's browser environment.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should prioritize immediate input validation and output encoding measures. The most effective approach involves implementing strict input sanitization for all parameters received through the redirect field, including the removal or encoding of potentially dangerous characters such as angle brackets, quotes, and script tags. Organizations should implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit script execution and prevent unauthorized code injection. Additionally, the application should employ proper parameter validation and ensure that any redirect functionality only accepts predetermined, safe URLs from a trusted whitelist. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of regular security updates and code reviews, as this flaw could have been prevented through proper input validation practices and adherence to secure coding standards. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls to detect and block malicious payloads attempting to exploit this vulnerability.