CVE-2019-2955 in Database Server
Summary
by MITRE
Vulnerability in the Core RDBMS component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.2, 12.2.0.1, 18c and 19c. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Local Logon privilege with logon to the infrastructure where Core RDBMS executes to compromise Core RDBMS. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Core RDBMS accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Core RDBMS. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 3.9 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/09/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-2955 represents a significant security flaw within Oracle Database Server's Core RDBMS component affecting multiple version lines including 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.2, 12.2.0.1, 18c, and 19c. This vulnerability operates under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework as CWE-284, specifically addressing inadequate access control mechanisms that permit unauthorized modifications to database resources. The flaw resides in the database server's privilege management system where low-privileged users with local logon capabilities can potentially exploit this weakness to compromise the core database functionality.
The technical exploitation of CVE-2019-2955 requires an attacker to possess local logon privileges on the infrastructure hosting the Core RDBMS component, which aligns with the CVSS vector's AV:L classification indicating local attack scope. The vulnerability's accessibility is rated as low complexity (AC:L) and requires only low privilege levels (PR:L) for exploitation, making it particularly dangerous as it can be leveraged by insiders or compromised local accounts. The attack requires human interaction from someone other than the attacker, suggesting that additional user actions or system processes may be necessary to complete the exploitation chain, which complicates the attack surface but does not eliminate the risk.
The operational impact of this vulnerability manifests through multiple security consequences that align with the CVSS base score of 3.9. The integrity impact (I:L) indicates that successful exploitation can result in unauthorized update, insert, or delete operations against database content, potentially leading to data corruption or manipulation. Additionally, the availability impact (A:L) demonstrates the capability to cause partial denial of service conditions affecting database operations, which can disrupt business continuity and system availability. The vulnerability's classification as a partial denial of service (partial DOS) suggests that while complete system shutdown is not guaranteed, significant operational degradation can occur.
From a cybersecurity perspective, this vulnerability maps to several ATT&CK techniques including privilege escalation and data manipulation, specifically targeting the database layer where attackers can leverage local access to achieve unauthorized data modifications. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple data compromise as it can affect the reliability and trustworthiness of database operations, potentially leading to cascading effects throughout dependent applications and services that rely on database integrity. Organizations implementing Oracle Database solutions must recognize this vulnerability as a critical threat requiring immediate attention and remediation.
The mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-2955 primarily focus on applying Oracle's official security patches and updates, which address the underlying access control weaknesses in the Core RDBMS component. Network segmentation and privilege minimization practices should be enforced to limit local access rights, while monitoring systems should be implemented to detect unauthorized database access attempts. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be conducted to identify similar access control weaknesses within the database infrastructure. The vulnerability's CVSS scoring indicates it should be prioritized in security remediation efforts, particularly in environments where local access controls may be insufficient or where database integrity is paramount to business operations.