CVE-2019-4130 in Cloud Pak System
Summary
by MITRE
IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3 and 2.3.0.1 could allow a remote attacker to upload arbitrary files, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the vulnerable server. IBM X-Force ID: 158280.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/07/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-4130 affects IBM Cloud Pak System versions 2.3 and 2.3.0.1, representing a critical security flaw that enables remote code execution through arbitrary file upload capabilities. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation mechanisms within the system's file upload functionality, creating an exploitable pathway for malicious actors to gain unauthorized access to the underlying server infrastructure. The flaw specifically manifests when the system fails to properly validate file types and content during the upload process, allowing attackers to bypass security controls and deploy malicious payloads.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-434, which describes insecure file upload vulnerabilities where applications accept files without adequate validation of their type, content, or destination. Attackers can leverage this weakness by uploading malicious files such as web shells, scripts, or executables that are then executed within the server environment. The exploitation process typically involves crafting specially formatted files that pass through the system's validation checks while containing malicious code designed to establish persistent access or execute arbitrary commands on the target system. This represents a classic path to privilege escalation and full system compromise through the exploitation of insufficient access controls and file handling mechanisms.
The operational impact of CVE-2019-4130 extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass potential data breaches, system infiltration, and unauthorized access to sensitive corporate information. Organizations utilizing affected IBM Cloud Pak System versions face significant risk of compromise, particularly in environments where the system handles confidential data or serves as a critical component of enterprise infrastructure. The vulnerability's remote nature eliminates the need for physical access or local network presence, making it particularly dangerous as attackers can exploit it from anywhere on the internet. This characteristic aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190, which describes the use of remote services for initial access and execution, while also supporting T1059 for the execution of commands through malicious scripts or binaries.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require immediate implementation of comprehensive file validation controls, including strict content type checking, file extension filtering, and mandatory file format validation. Organizations should implement proper access controls and authentication mechanisms to limit upload capabilities to authorized users only, while also deploying web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious upload activities. The remediation process involves applying the official IBM security patches and updates released for versions 2.3 and 2.3.0.1, along with conducting thorough security assessments of existing file upload mechanisms. Additionally, implementing sandboxing techniques for file uploads, regular security scanning of uploaded content, and establishing network segmentation can provide layered defense mechanisms against exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider implementing automated monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous file upload patterns and trigger immediate alerts for security teams to investigate potential compromise attempts.